Docker入门笔记（1）

1、安装Docker

yum -y install docker-ce

2、查看Docker版本

[root@localhost ~]# docker -v
Docker version 18.09.3, build 774a1f4

3、启动Docker

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps # docker服务尚未启用，此处测试
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker # 启动Docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps # 查看docker应用列表
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

3、修改Docker镜像源，/etc/docker/daemon.json写入以下内容

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}

4、重启Docker

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker

5、下载镜像busybox测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
Digest: sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f
Status: Image is up to date for busybox:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              d8233ab899d4        3 weeks ago         1.2MB

6、docker run ：创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

语法

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

OPTIONS说明：

-a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-p: 端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
--name="nginx-lb": 为容器指定一个名称；
--dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；
--dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；
-h "mars": 指定容器的hostname；
-e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量；
--env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量；
--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；
-m :设置容器使用内存最大值；
--net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container:<name|id> 四种类型；
--link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器；
--expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口；

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it busybox
/ # pwd
/
/ # ll
sh: ll: not found
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # date
Tue Mar 12 09:31:14 UTC 2019
/ # echo "hello docker"
hello docker
/ #

查看docker应用：

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e68ba125f9e3        busybox             "sh"                9 seconds ago       Up 8 seconds                            romantic_franklin

退出busybox，并查看docker应用

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it busybox
/ # pwd
/
/ # exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

7、删除镜像（-f 强制删除）

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              d8233ab899d4        3 weeks ago         1.2MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f d8233ab899d4
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f
Deleted: sha256:d8233ab899d419c58cf3634c0df54ff5d8acc28f8173f09c21df4a07229e1205
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

8、删除某个container

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
598c5f3d52e0        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        0.0.0.0:8899->80/tcp   myNginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop myNginx
myNginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm myNginx
myNginx

9、删除所有container

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
9e377dc9fde3        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   25 minutes ago      Exited (0) 24 minutes ago                         xNginx
e68ba125f9e3        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                     41 minutes ago      Exited (0) 40 minutes ago                         romantic_franklin
b042ee32107a        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                     43 minutes ago      Exited (127) 41 minutes ago                       zealous_hermann
e29fe83c5eb4        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                     44 minutes ago      Exited (0) 43 minutes ago                         fervent_galileo
d1915c908b41        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                     44 minutes ago      Exited (0) 44 minutes ago                         practical_hoover
14c261d6051e        d8233ab899d4        "echo “hello world”"     7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                            thirsty_chaum
450982479c5c        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   7 hours ago         Exited (137) 7 hours ago                          infallible_clarke
5627a01ee522        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/bash"              7 hours ago         Exited (127) 7 hours ago                          epic_brattain
485bddc78ae8        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/echo 'Hello wo…"   7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                            gallant_banzai
018b86f38fd5        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/echo 'Hello wo…"   7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                            inspiring_franklin
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
9e377dc9fde3
e68ba125f9e3
b042ee32107a
e29fe83c5eb4
d1915c908b41
14c261d6051e
450982479c5c
5627a01ee522
485bddc78ae8
018b86f38fd5
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES