数据结构化与保存

1. 将新闻的正文内容保存到文本文件。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = "http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/"
res = requests.get(url)
res.encoding = "utf-8"
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")

f = open('gzccnews.txt', "a", encoding="utf-8")
    f.write(contents)
    f.close()

2. 将新闻数据结构化为字典的列表:

  • 单条新闻的详情-->字典news
  • 一个列表页所有单条新闻汇总-->列表newsls.append(news)
  • 所有列表页的所有新闻汇总列表newstotal.extend(newsls)
def getNewsDetail(url):
    resd = requests.get(url)
    resd.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soupd = BeautifulSoup(resd.text,'html.parser')
    # print(resd.text)
    news = {}
    news['title'] = soupd.select('.show-title')[0].text
    info = soupd.select('.show-info')[0].text
    news['time'] = datetime.strptime(info.lstrip('发布时间:')[0:19],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    if info.find('来源:')>0:
        news['source'] = info[info.find('来源:'):].split()[0].lstrip('来源:')
    else:
        news['source'] = 'none'

    news['clickCount'] = int(getClickCount(url))
    news['newsUrl'] = url
    news['content'] = soupd.select('.show-content')[0].text.strip()

    writeNewsDetail(news['content'])
    return(news)

3. 安装pandas,用pandas.DataFrame(newstotal),创建一个DataFrame对象df.

import pandas
newstotal = [{}]
df = pandas.DataFrame(newstotal)

4. 通过df将提取的数据保存到csv或excel 文件。

import openpyxl
df.to_excel('gzccnews.xlsx')

5. 用pandas提供的函数和方法进行数据分析:

  • 提取包含点击次数、标题、来源的前6行数据
  • 提取‘学校综合办’发布的,‘点击次数’超过3000的新闻。
  • 提取'国际学院'和'学生工作处'发布的新闻。
  • 进取2018年3月的新闻
print(df[['title','clickCount','source']][:6])
print(df[(df['clickCount']>3000)&(df['source']=='学校综合办')])
  
sou = ['国际学院','学生工作处']
print(df[df['source'].isin(sou)])
  
df1 = df.set_index('time')
print(df1['2018-03'])

6. 保存到sqlite3数据库

import sqlite3
with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db:
df3.to_sql('gzccnews05',con = db, if_exists='replace')

import sqlite3
with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db:
df3.to_sql('gzccnews05',con = db, if_exists='replace')

7. 从sqlite3读数据

with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db:
df2 = pandas.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM gzccnews05',con=db)
print(df2)

with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db:
df2 = pandas.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM gzccnews05',con=db)
print(df2)

8. df保存到mysql数据库

安装SQLALchemy
安装PyMySQL
MySQL里创建数据库:create database gzccnews charset utf8;

import pymysql
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
conn = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:root@localhost:3306/gzccnews?charset=utf8')
pandas.io.sql.to_sql(df, 'gzccnews', con=conn, if_exists='replace')

MySQL里查看已保存了数据。(通过MySQL Client或Navicate。)

import pymysql
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
conn = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:root@localhost:3306/gzccnews?charset=utf8')
pandas.io.sql.to_sql(df, 'gzccnews', con=conn, if_exists='replace')
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wlh0329/p/8875466.html