UBUNTU SERVER 12.04搭建PHP环境

Ubuntu的Server和Desktop上都配过php的LAMP环境，步骤没什么区别，相关的教程网上也很多，这里把自己的配置过程记录下来，省得每次都google…供参考

整个环境用到Apache2、MySQL、php5和phpMyAdmin

1、安装Apache2

$ sudo apt-get install apache2

装完后在浏览器中访问 http://[server-ip-address] 如看到类似下图的页面，则apache2安装成功

Ubuntu下，apache的配置信息在/etc/apache2目录，默认根目录在/var/www

2、安装MySQL，修改默认字符集

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

安装过程需要设置root的密码。Ubuntu下，MySQL的配置信息在/etc/mysql目录

MySQL默认的字符集是latin1

为了避免中文可能带来的乱码问题，将默认字符集改成utf-8，具体可以参考这篇文章，修改 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 文件，在相应位置添加

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

修改后是这样的

3、安装php5及Apache的php5模块

$ apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

装完之后重启apache

$ sudo service apache2 restart
* Restarting web server apache2
... waiting                         [ OK ]
$

在 /var/www 目录下新建 info.php 文件，内容如下

<?php phpinfo() ?>

在浏览器中访问 http://[server-ip-address]/info.php 如看到类似下图的页面，则php5安装成功

在 /var/www 目录下新建 testmysql.php 文件，测试php连接MySQL，文件内容如下

<?php
    $link = mysql_connect("localhost", "[用户名]", "[密码]");
    if (!$link)
    {
            die('Could not connect: '.mysql_error());
    }
    else echo "MySQL连接成功";
    mysql_close($link);
?>

在浏览器中访问 http://[server-ip-address]/testmysql.php，HTTP错误500…

4、安装php5的MySQL模块，安装php需要的其它模块

默认安装完的php5是不能与MySQL交互的。通过命令

$ sudo apt-cache search php5
libapache2-mod-php5 - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module)
php-pear - PEAR - PHP Extension and Application Repository
php5 - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
php5-cgi - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (CGI binary)
php5-cli - command-line interpreter for the php5 scripting language
php5-common - Common files for packages built from the php5 source
php5-curl - CURL module for php5
php5-dbg - Debug symbols for PHP5
php5-dev - Files for PHP5 module development
php5-gd - GD module for php5
php5-gmp - GMP module for php5
php5-ldap - LDAP module for php5
php5-mysql - MySQL module for php5
php5-odbc - ODBC module for php5
php5-pgsql - PostgreSQL module for php5
php5-pspell - pspell module for php5
php5-recode - recode module for php5
php5-snmp - SNMP module for php5
php5-sqlite - SQLite module for php5
php5-tidy - tidy module for php5
php5-xmlrpc - XML-RPC module for php5
php5-xsl - XSL module for php5
cakephp - MVC rapid application development framework for PHP
dwoo - PHP5 template engine
jffnms - web-based Network Management System (NMS) for IP networks
libapache2-mod-php5filter - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (apache 2 filter module)
libexpect-php5 - expect module for PHP 5
libgv-php5 - PHP5 bindings for graphviz
libkohana2-modules-php - lightweight PHP5 MVC framework (extension modules)
libkohana2-php - lightweight PHP5 MVC framework
libkohana3.1-core-php - PHP5 framework core classes
libkohana3.1-php - PHP5 framework metapackage
libkohana3.2-core-php - PHP5 framework core classes
libkohana3.2-php - PHP5 framework metapackage
libow-php5 - Dallas 1-wire support: PHP5 bindings
libphp-jpgraph - Object oriented graph library for php5
libphp-jpgraph-examples - Object oriented graph library for php5 (examples)
php-auth - PHP PEAR modules for creating an authentication system
php-codesniffer - tokenises PHP code and detects violations of a defined set of coding standards
php-doc - Documentation for PHP5
php-imlib - PHP Imlib2 Extension
php5-adodb - Extension optimising the ADOdb database abstraction library
php5-auth-pam - A PHP5 extension for PAM authentication
php5-enchant - Enchant module for php5
php5-exactimage - fast image manipulation library (PHP bindings)
php5-ffmpeg - audio and video support via ffmpeg for php5
php5-fpm - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
php5-geoip - GeoIP module for php5
php5-imagick - ImageMagick module for php5
php5-imap - IMAP module for php5
php5-interbase - interbase/firebird module for php5
php5-intl - internationalisation module for php5
php5-lasso - Library for Liberty Alliance and SAML protocols - PHP 5 bindings
php5-librdf - PHP5 language bindings for the Redland RDF library
php5-mapscript - php5-cgi module for MapServer
php5-mcrypt - MCrypt module for php5
php5-memcache - memcache extension module for PHP5
php5-memcached - memcached extension module for PHP5, uses libmemcached
php5-midgard2 - Midgard2 Content Repository - PHP5 language bindings and module
php5-ming - Ming module for php5
php5-mysqlnd - MySQL module for php5 (Native Driver)
php5-ps - ps module for PHP 5
php5-radius - PECL radius module for PHP 5
php5-remctl - PECL module for Kerberos-authenticated command execution
php5-rrd - rrd module for PHP 5
php5-sasl - Cyrus SASL extension for PHP 5
php5-suhosin - advanced protection module for php5
php5-svn - PHP Bindings for the Subversion Revision control system
php5-sybase - Sybase / MS SQL Server module for php5
php5-tokyo-tyrant - PHP interface to Tokyo Cabinet's network interface, Tokyo Tyrant
php5-uuid - OSSP uuid module for php5
php5-xcache - Fast, stable PHP opcode cacher
php5-xdebug - Xdebug Module for PHP 5
phpunit - Unit testing suite for PHP5
$

查看php5的模块都有哪些，这里安装以下模块

$ sudo apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl

重启apache服务器，在浏览器中刷新 http://[server-ip-address]/info.php 可以看到类似下图的页面，ctrl+f mysql可以发现php的MySQL模块已经安装