一、RabbitMQ
python的Queue与RabbitMQ之间的理解：
python的进程或线程Queue只能python自己用。RabbitMQ队列多个应用之间共享队列，互相通信。
1、简单的实现生产者与消费者
生产者
（1）建立socket连接；（2）声明一个管道；（3）声明队列（queue）；（4）通过管道发消息；（5）routing_key（queue名字）；（6）body（内容）
消费者
（1）建立连接；（2）声明管道；（3）声明队列；（4）消费者声明队列（防止生产者后启动，消费者报错）；（5）消费消息；（6）callback如果收到消息就调用函数处理消息 queue队列名字；
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author : Willpower-chen # @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/ import pika #建立socket连接 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost')) #声明一个管道 channel = connection.channel() #声明一个队列 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') #通过管道发消息，routing_key 队列queue名字 ，body发送内容 channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World! 1 2') print("[x] send 'Hello World! 1 2 '") connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author : Willpower-chen # @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/ import pika,time #建立连接 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost')) #声明一个管道 channel = connection.channel() #声明队列，防止生产者（发送端）没开启，消费者端报错 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') #ch管道的内存对象地址，如果收到消息就调用函数callback，处理消息 def callbak(ch,method,properties,body): print("[x] Received %r " % body) # time.sleep(30) #消费消息 channel.basic_consume(callbak, queue='hello', no_ack=True #消息有没处理，都不给生产者发确认消息 ) print('[*] Waitting for messages TO exit press ctrl+c') channel.start_consuming() #开始
2、消费者对生产者，可以1对多，而且默认是轮询机制
no_ack=True如果注释掉的话，消费者端不给服务器端确认收到消息，服务器端就不会把要发的消息从队列里清除
如下图注释了no_ack，加了一个时间，
开启三个消费者，一个生产者，生产者只send一次数据，挨个停止consumer，会发现同一条消息会被重新发给下一个consumer，直到producer收到consumer的确认收到的消息
3、队列查询
清除队列消息
4、消息持久化
（1）durable只是队列持久化
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello',durable=True)
生产者和消费者都需要添加durable=True
（2）要实现消息持久化，还需要
5、消息（1对多）实现权重功能
消费者端添加在消费消息之前
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
6、广播消息fanout（纯广播）订阅发布
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author : Willpower-chen # @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/ import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', type='fanout') #message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!" message = "info: Hello World!2" channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author : Willpower-chen # @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/ import pika connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', type='fanout') result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue print("random queuename",queue_name) channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name) print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r" % body) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()
7、direct广播模式(有选择性的发送接收消息)
import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct') severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info' message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message)) connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author : Willpower-chen # @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/ import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct') result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue severities = sys.argv[1:] if not severities: sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error] " % sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(1) for severity in severities: channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity) print(severities) print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()
8、更细致的消息判断 type = topic
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author : Willpower-chen # @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/ import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic') routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info' message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message)) connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author : Willpower-chen # @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/ import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic') result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue binding_keys = sys.argv[1:] if not binding_keys: sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]... " % sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(1) for binding_key in binding_keys: channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key) print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()
