非递归实现二叉树的遍历

二叉树遍历是树的最基本算法之中的一个，是二叉树上进行其他运算之基础。

所谓遍历(Traversal)是指沿着某条搜索路线，依次对树中每一个结点均做一次且仅做一次訪问。

訪问结点所做的操作依赖于详细的应用问题。
① 前序遍历(PreorderTraversal亦称（先序遍历））
——訪问根结点的操作发生在遍历其左右子树之前。
② 中序遍历(InorderTraversal)
——訪问根结点的操作发生在遍历其左右子树之中（间）。
③ 后序遍历(PostorderTraversal)
——訪问根结点的操作发生在遍历其左右子树之后。
④ 层次遍历(LevelTraversal)

——訪问从根结点開始，逐层訪问

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Stack;

//二叉树的链式结构
class TreeNode {
	int val;
	TreeNode left;
	TreeNode right;

	TreeNode(int x) {
		val = x;
	}
}

public class TestTraversalTreeNode {
	/**
	 * 线序遍历
	 * 
	 * @param root   树根
	 * @return
	 */
	public static ArrayList<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
		ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		if (root == null)
			return result;
		Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
		stack.push(root);
		while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
			TreeNode t = stack.pop();
			result.add(t.val);
			//先检查push右结点
			if (t.right != null) {
				stack.push(t.right);
			}
			if (t.left != null) {
				stack.push(t.left);
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * 中序遍历
	 * 
	 * @param root   树根
	 * @return
	 */
	public static ArrayList<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
		ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		if (root == null)
			return result;
		Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
		TreeNode p = root;
		//假设有左结点则一直push
		while (!stack.isEmpty() || p != null) {
			if (p != null) {
				stack.push(p);
				p = p.left;
			} else {
				TreeNode n = stack.pop();
				result.add(n.val);
				p = n.right;
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * 后序遍历
	 * 
	 * @param root  树根
	 * @return
	 */
	public static ArrayList<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
		ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		if (root == null) {
			return result;
		}
		Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
		stack.push(root);
		TreeNode prev = null;// 记录当前结点的上一个结点
		while (!stack.empty()) {
			TreeNode curr = stack.peek();
			// 查看当前结点是否是叶节点。是的话就訪问
			if (prev == null || prev.left == curr || prev.right == curr) {
				if (curr.left != null) {
					stack.push(curr.left);
				} else if (curr.right != null) {
					stack.push(curr.right);
				} else {// 当前结点是叶节点
					stack.pop();
					result.add(curr.val);
				}
				// 查看prev是否是的当前结点左结点
			} else if (curr.left == prev) {
				if (curr.right != null) {
					stack.push(curr.right);
				} else {
					stack.pop();
					result.add(curr.val);
				}
				// 查看prev是否是当前结点的右结点
			} else if (curr.right == prev) {
				stack.pop();
				result.add(curr.val);
			}
			prev = curr;
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * 层次遍历
	 * 
	 * @param root  树根
	 * @return
	 */
	public static ArrayList<Integer> levelTraversal(TreeNode root) {
		ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		LinkedList<TreeNode> current = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
		if (root != null) {
			current.add(root);
			result.add(root.val);
		}
		while (current.size() > 0) {
			LinkedList<TreeNode> parents = current;
			current = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
			for (TreeNode parent : parents) {
				if (parent.left != null) {
					current.add(parent.left);
					result.add(parent.left.val);
				}
				if (parent.right != null) {
					current.add(parent.right);
					result.add(parent.right.val);
				}
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * 遍历二叉树的第k行
	 * 
	 * @param root 二叉树根
	 * @param k 第k行
	 * @return 第k行的遍历
	 */
	public static String findLevelList2(TreeNode root, int k) {
		ArrayList<LinkedList<TreeNode>> result = new ArrayList<LinkedList<TreeNode>>();
		LinkedList<TreeNode> current = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
		if (root != null) {
			current.add(root);
		}
		int count = 0;
		while (current.size() > 0) {
			result.add(current);
			if (count == k) {
				return listToString(current);
			}
			count++;
			LinkedList<TreeNode> parents = current;
			current = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
			for (TreeNode parent : parents) {
				if (parent.left != null) {
					current.add(parent.left);
				}
				if (parent.right != null) {
					current.add(parent.right);
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * 链表的结点转化为字符串进行输出
	 * @param list
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String listToString(LinkedList<TreeNode> list) {
		int[] arr = new int[list.size()];
		int i = 0;
		for (TreeNode node : list) {
			arr[i] = node.val;
			i++;
		}
		return Arrays.toString(arr);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		TreeNode root = new TreeNode(1);
		root.left = new TreeNode(2);
		root.right = new TreeNode(3);
		root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
		root.left.right = new TreeNode(5);
		System.out.println("前序：" + preorderTraversal(root).toString());
		System.out.println("中序：" + inorderTraversal(root).toString());
		System.out.println("后序：" + postorderTraversal(root).toString());
		System.out.println("顺序：" + levelTraversal(root).toString());
		System.out.println("K序：" + findLevelList2(root, 2));
	}
}