Helium文档2-WebUI自动化-常用方法介绍

学习思路：

查看github项目的源码，每个方法都有介绍及使用说明

https://github.com/mherrmann/selenium-python-helium/blob/master/helium/__init__.py

__all__ = [
	# Actions: 方法
	'attach_file', 'click', 'doubleclick', 'drag', 'drag_file', 'find_all',
	'get_driver', 'go_to', 'highlight', 'hover', 'kill_browser', 'press',
	'refresh', 'rightclick', 'scroll_down', 'scroll_left', 'scroll_right',
	'scroll_up', 'select', 'set_driver', 'start_chrome', 'start_firefox',
	'switch_to', 'wait_until', 'write',
	# Predicates:
	'Alert', 'Button', 'CheckBox', 'ComboBox', 'Config', 'Image', 'Link',
	'ListItem', 'Point', 'S', 'RadioButton', 'Text', 'TextField', 'Window',
	# Keys:
	'ADD', 'ALT', 'ARROW_DOWN', 'ARROW_LEFT', 'ARROW_RIGHT', 'ARROW_UP',
	'BACK_SPACE', 'CANCEL', 'CLEAR', 'COMMAND', 'CONTROL', 'DECIMAL', 'DELETE',
	'DIVIDE', 'DOWN', 'END', 'ENTER', 'EQUALS', 'ESCAPE', 'F1', 'F2', 'F3',
	'F4', 'F5', 'F6', 'F7', 'F8', 'F9', 'F10', 'F11', 'F12', 'HELP', 'HOME',
	'INSERT', 'LEFT', 'LEFT_ALT', 'LEFT_CONTROL', 'LEFT_SHIFT', 'META',
	'MULTIPLY', 'NULL', 'NUMPAD0', 'NUMPAD1', 'NUMPAD2', 'NUMPAD3', 'NUMPAD4',
	'NUMPAD5', 'NUMPAD6', 'NUMPAD7', 'NUMPAD8', 'NUMPAD9', 'PAGE_DOWN',
	'PAGE_UP', 'PAUSE', 'RETURN', 'RIGHT', 'SEMICOLON', 'SEPARATOR', 'SHIFT',
	'SPACE', 'SUBTRACT', 'TAB', 'UP'
	]

Starting a browser # 打开浏览器

Helium currently supports Chrome and Firefox. You can start them with the following functions:

start_chrome() # 打开chrome浏览器

start_firefox() # 打开火狐浏览器

You can optionally pass a URL to open (eg. start_chrome('google.com'))

Headless browser

When you type the above commands, you will actually see a browser window open. This is useful for developing your scripts. However, once you run them, you may not want this window to appear. You can achieve this by adding headless=True:

start_chrome(headless=True)

start_chrome('google.com',headless=True)

(Similarly for start_firefox(...) of course.)

Interacting with a web site # 与web交互

The following example shows the most typical statements in a Helium script:

from helium import *

start_chrome('google.com')

write('helium selenium github')

press(ENTER)

click('mherrmann/helium')

go_to('github.com/login')

write('username',into='Username')

write('password',into='Password')

click('Sign in')

kill_browser()

Most of your own code will (hopefully) be as simple as the above.

Element types # 元素类型

The above example used pure strings such as Sign in to identify elements on the web page. But Helium also lets you target elements more specifically. For instance:

You can pass them into other functions such as click(Link('Sign in')). But you can also use them to read data from the web site. For instance:

A common use case is to use .exists() to check for the existence of an element. For example:

if Text('Accept cookies?').exists():

click('I accept')

I also often find Text(...).valueuseful for reading out data:

name = Text(to_right_of='Name:',below=Image(alt='Profile picture')).value

For a full list of element types and their properties, please see the source code.

举例：

click

def click(element):
   """
   :param element: The element or point to click.
   :type element: str, unicode, :py:class:`HTMLElement`, 
:py:class:`selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement` or :py:class:`Point`

   Clicks on the given element or point. Common examples are::

      click("Sign in")
      click(Button("OK"))
      click(Point(200, 300))
      click(ComboBox("File type").top_left + (50, 0))
   """

Text

class Text(HTMLElement):
   """
   Lets you identify any text or label on a web page. This is most useful for
   checking whether a particular text exists::

      if Text("Do you want to proceed?").exists():
          click("Yes")

   ``Text`` also makes it possible to read plain text data from a web page. For
   example, suppose you have a table of people's email addresses. Then you
   can read John's email addresses as follows::

      Text(below="Email", to_right_of="John").value

   Similarly to ``below`` and ``to_right_of``, the keyword parameters ``above``
   and ``to_left_of`` can be used to search for texts above and to the left of
   other web elements.
   """

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