1.添加依赖
依赖包括Quartz和logback
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.简单搭建
引入jar包
在quartz.properties中配置quartz
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler
#个数随实际情况而定 org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3 org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore
logback.xml，日志框架logback的配置
<configuration>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<!-- encoders are assigned the type ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder
by default -->
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
<file>D:/logs/quartz_task_application.log</file>
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="debug">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE" />
</root>
</configuration>
HelloJob.java，具体要执行任务
package No01;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class HelloJob implements Job {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Override
public void execute(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
// 此任务仅打印日志便于调试、观察
this.logger.debug(this.getClass().getName() + " trigger...");
}
}
定义执行任务的时间和任务内容
package No01;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class Bootstrap {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Bootstrap.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 获取Scheduler实例
Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
scheduler.start();
// 具体任务
JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
// 触发时间点
SimpleScheduleBuilder simpleScheduleBuilder = SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(5).repeatForever();
Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startNow().withSchedule(simpleScheduleBuilder).build();
// 交由Scheduler安排触发
scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
/* 为观察程序运行，此设置主程序睡眠3分钟才继续往下运行（因下一个步骤是“关闭Scheduler”） */
try {
TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 关闭Scheduler
scheduler.shutdown();
} catch (SchedulerException se) {
logger.error(se.getMessage(), se);
}
}
}
3.在web应用中使用quartz
Quartz常在Web中应用，常见的是交由Spring托管的形式。这里介绍Quartz在Web应用中单独使用。
一般Web应用启动时，应注册已经确定的定时任务；一些动态的、未确定触发时间的定时任务，后续可通过静态的Scheduler注册。
使用监听器在应用启动时注册，并在web.xml注册这个监听器；在关闭Web应用时，要注销定时任务。
其他配置文件、Java类与上例子相同，只是把这里注册定时任务的地方换成此监听器。
package No02;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import No01.HelloJob;
/**
* Application Lifecycle Listener implementation class AListener
*
*/
public class ApplicationContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
public static Scheduler scheduler = null;
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
this.logger.info("The application start...");
/* 注册定时任务 */
try {
// 获取Scheduler实例
scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
scheduler.start();
// 具体任务
JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
// 触发时间点
SimpleScheduleBuilder simpleScheduleBuilder = SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(5).repeatForever();
Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startNow().withSchedule(simpleScheduleBuilder).build();
// 交由Scheduler安排触发
scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
this.logger.info("The scheduler register...");
} catch (SchedulerException se) {
logger.error(se.getMessage(), se);
}
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
this.logger.info("The application stop...");
/* 注销定时任务 */
try {
// 关闭Scheduler
scheduler.shutdown();
this.logger.info("The scheduler shutdown...");
} catch (SchedulerException se) {
logger.error(se.getMessage(), se);
}
}
}
<listener> <listener-class>No02.ApplicationContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
在eclipse调试中，可能发现无法看到contextDestroy方法的执行，请注意使用stop的方式关闭应用，而不是terminate
图一
图二
4常用的Cron Schedule
相对于其他方式定义定时任务的触发时间，我们较常用Cron Schedule。
// 具体任务
JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
// 触发时间点
CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 * * * * ? *");
Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
.withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
// 交由Scheduler安排触发
scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);