iOS开发之四:常用控件--UIButton的使用

在介绍UIButton的用法前,要先了解一下它的父类UIControl,UIControl是所有具有事件处理功能控件的父类。

而该类控件一般响应事件又有三种形式:基于触摸、基础值、基础编辑。控件的层次关系图如下:


UIControl类的常用方法:

    - (void)addTarget:(id)target action:(SEL)action forControlEvents:(UIControlEvents)controlEvents; //添加一个事件
    
    - (void)removeTarget:(id)target action:(SEL)action forControlEvents:(UIControlEvents)controlEvents; //删除一个事件
它的子类因为继承了这些方法,所以也经常用到,比如UIButton。

以上两个方法的中最后一个参数,UIControlEvents为点击事件,是枚举类型。

    UIControlEventTouchDown                 // 用户按下时触发
    UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat           // 点击次数大于1时触发
    UIControlEventTouchDragInside           // 当触摸在控件内拖动时触发
    UIControlEventTouchDragOutside          // 当触摸在控件之外拖动时触发
    UIControlEventTouchDragEnter            // 当触摸从控件外拖动到内部时
    UIControlEventTouchDragExit             // 当触摸从控件内拖动到外部时
    UIControlEventTouchUpInside             // 在控件内触摸抬起时
    UIControlEventTouchUpOutside            // 在控件外触摸抬起时
    UIControlEventTouchCancel               // 触摸取消事件,设备被锁上或者电话呼叫打断
    
    UIControlEventValueChanged              // 当控件的值发生改变时
    
    UIControlEventEditingDidBegin           //文本控件开始编辑时
    UIControlEventEditingChanged            //文本控件的文本改变
    UIControlEventEditingDidEnd             //文本控件结束编辑时
    UIControlEventEditingDidEndOnExit      // 文本控件内通过按下回车键结束编辑时
    
    UIControlEventAllTouchEvents        // 所有触摸事件
    UIControlEventAllEditingEvents      // 文本编辑的所有事件,for UITextField
    UIControlEventApplicationReserved  // range available for application use
    UIControlEventSystemReserved        // range reserved for internal framework use
    UIControlEventAllEvents         //所有事件

UIButton

常用方法如下:

- (void)setTitle:(NSString *)title forState:(UIControlState)state;                     // default is nil. title is assumed to be single line
- (void)setTitleColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state;                 // default if nil. use opaque white
- (void)setTitleShadowColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state;           // default is nil. use 50% black
- (void)setImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;                      // default is nil. should be same size if different for different states
- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;            // default is nil
- (void)addTarget:(id)target action:(SEL)action forControlEvents:(UIControlEvents)controlEvents; //添加一个事件

UIControlState也是个枚举类型:

    UIControlStateNormal       //正常状态
    UIControlStateHighlighted   // 高亮状态
    UIControlStateDisabled     //禁用状态
    UIControlStateSelected      // 选中状态
    UIControlStateApplication    // additional flags available for application use
    UIControlStateReserved 

注意:上面的方法中,setTitle和setImage方法不能同时使用,同时使用,只会显示图片,不显示标题。

如果要设置图片和标题,应该setBackgroundImage和setTitle或者自定义一个UIButton的子类来实现。

UIButton各属性设置的实例代码:

    UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
    // 设置frame,与按钮的类型有关
    button.frame = CGRectMake(90, 100, 41, 30);
    // 禁用按钮
    button.enabled = NO;
    // 按钮选中
    button.selected = YES;
    // 设置标题,状态正常
    [button setTitle:@"normal" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    // 设置标题,状态高亮
    [button setTitle:@"highlighted" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
    // 设置标题,状态禁用
    [button setTitle:@"disabled" forState:UIControlStateDisabled];
    // 设置标题,状态选中
    [button setTitle:@"selected" forState:UIControlStateSelected];
    // 设置title的颜色
    [button setTitleColor:[UIColor redColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    //设置标题的字体
    button.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0f];
     
    // 设置背景图片
    [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"love_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"love_select"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
    [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"love_select"] forState:UIControlStateSelected];
    
    // 设置图片
    [button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"love_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"love_select"] forState:UIControlStateSelected];
    
    // 用户在控件内按下抬起时
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(touchUpInside:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    // 用户按下时
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(down) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchDown];
    // 用户按下时
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(outside) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpOutside];
    // 记录用户多次按下
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(repeat) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat];
    // 用户由内向外
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(dragExit) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchDragExit];
    // 用户由外向内
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(dragEnter) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchDragEnter];
    // 事件的取消
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(cancel) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchCancel];

注意了,如果想要UIButton的背景图片显示一张网络图片的话,可以用SDWebImage这个开源框架。



原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wanghang/p/6298903.html