flask框架（八）—自定义命令flask-script、多app应用、wtforms表单验证、SQLAIchemy

自定义命令flask-script

用于实现类似于django中 python3 manage.py runserver ...类似的命令,用命令行启动项目

首先安装：pip3 install flask_script

使用 (注意我这里的文件名取shell-ma,文件名随便取)

from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return "ok"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()

注意：启动命令行在Terminal中输入(前提需要在正确的路径下) python shell-ma.py runserver  这样项目就启动了，我们可以访问'/'路径

自定制命令启动

from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app)

@manager.command   相当于位置传参
def custom(arg):
    """
    启动命令行
    python shell-ma.py custom 123
    """
    print(arg)   #arg打印的就是传入的123


@manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name')   相当于关键字传参
@manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url')
def cmd(name, url):
    """
    自定义命令（-n也可以写成--name）
    执行： python manage.py  cmd -n lqz -u aa
    执行： python manage.py  cmd --name lqz --url bb
    """
    print(name, url)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()

多app应用

from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
from flask import Flask, current_app
app1 = Flask('app01')
app2 = Flask('app02')

@app1.route('/index')
def index():
    return "app01"

@app2.route('/index2')
def index2():
    return "app2"

# http://www.oldboyedu.com/index
# http://www.oldboyedu.com/sec/index2
dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, {
    '/sec': app2,
})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)

注意：访问app01路径：127.0.0.1:5000/index
　　访问app02路径：127.0.0.1:5000/sec/index2

wtforms表单验证

安装: pip install wtforms

使用1:表单验证

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__)

app.debug = True


class LoginForm(Form):
    # 字段（内部包含正则表达式）
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=2, max=6, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(), # 页面上显示的插件
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )
    # 字段（内部包含正则表达式）
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=8, message='密码长度必须大于%(min)d'),
            # validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-zd$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
            #                   message='密码至少8个字符，至少1个大写字母，1个小写字母，1个数字和1个特殊字符')

        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form method="post">
    <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p>
    <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

使用2：各种类型表单验证（包括单选，多选，下拉框等等）

from flask import Flask, render_template, request
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True



class RegisterForm(Form):

    def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):
        """
        自定义pwd_confirm字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致
        :param field:
        :return:
        """
        # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值
        print(field.data)
        if field.data !="sb":
            #raise validators.ValidationError("sb")  # 继续后续验证
            raise validators.StopValidation("SB")  # 不再继续后续验证

        # if field.data != self.data['pwd']:
        #     raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证
            #raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致")  # 不再继续后续验证

    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},
        default='tank'
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.')
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label='重复密码',
        validators=[
            validate_pwd_confirm,
            validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),
            #validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    email = html5.EmailField(
        label='邮箱',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),
            validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    gender = core.RadioField(
        label='性别',
        choices=(
            (1, '男'),
            (2, '女'),
        ),
        coerce=int # “1” “2”
     )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(
            ('bj', '北京'),
            ('sh', '上海'),
        )
    )

    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='爱好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )

    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='喜好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2]
    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球'))
        self.favor.data=[1,]

@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 2,'hobby':[1,]}) # initial
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0  50px">
    {% for field in form %}
    <p>{{field.label}}: {{field}} {{field.errors[0] }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

SQLAIchemy

https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoyuanqujing/articles/11715497.html

scoped_session

一对多

多对多

Flask_SQLAIchemy