Django使用心得(三)

本篇主要讲解如何将可复用的功能作成独立的App,并从主Project中分离出来,便于以后加入到任意Project中。

下面以一个简单的例子来说明如何物理上分离各个可复用的App

  • 建立1个主Project和3个子App
  • 简单的实现3个子App
  • 关联主工程和3个子App

1. 建立1个主Project和3个子App

首先建立一个django project,名为siteWithApps。建立方法参见Django使用心得(一)
然后建立3个子工程:(3个子工程没有实际的功能,只是模拟如何在django中分离App)
subApp1: 模拟权限认证功能,认证成功后返回siteWithApps
subApp2: 无实际功能,可返回siteWithApps
subApp3: 无实际功能,可返回siteWithApps

2. 简单的实现3个子App

3个子App的建立也非常简单,只需建立一个文件夹,然后在文件夹中新建3个空文件,文件名分别为__init__.py,urls.py,views.py,本次不涉及数据库,所以没有建立models.py。
注意,这里为了从物理上也分离这3个App,将这3个App放在与siteWithApps不同文件夹中了。整个工程的文件夹结构请参照本文最后的部分。

3个子App分别独立实现,与主Project没有任何联系,方便移植到其他Project中复用。
代码如下:

# subApp1:

# file : views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response


def Login( request ):

	name = request.POST.get( 'user_name', '' )
	pwd = request.POST.get( 'user_pass', '' )
	result = False
	if name == 'admin' and pwd == '123':
		result = True

	return render_to_response( 'subApp1/check_login.html',
			{ 'user_name' : name,
			  'user_pass': pwd,
			  'result' : result
			})


# file : urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
	(r'^$', 'subApp1.views.Login' ),

)
# subApp2:

# file: views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def App( request ):
	return render_to_response( 'subApp2/subApp2.html' )


# file: urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
	(r'^$', 'subApp2.views.App' ),

)
# subApp3:

# file: views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def App( request ):
	return render_to_response( 'subApp3/subApp3.html' )


# file: urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
	(r'^$', 'subApp3.views.App' ),

)

3. 关联主工程和3个子App

通过主Project的urls.py,与3个子App关联起来。耦合性非常低,可以方便的追加新的App或删除已有的App。
主Project的urls.py如下:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
	(r'^siteWithApps/$', 'siteWithApps.views.Init' ),
	(r'^siteWithApps/apps/$', 'siteWithApps.views.Contents' ),

	(r'^siteWithApps/logincheck/$', include('subApp1.urls') ),
	(r'^siteWithApps/app2/$', include('subApp2.urls') ),
	(r'^siteWithApps/app3/$', include('subApp3.urls') ),
)

需要注意的一点是,为了能识别位于不同文件夹下的子App,需要在主Project的settings.py开始部分加入下面一段。

# add for add isolate app
import sys

def AddToPythonPath():
	sys.path.append(r"D:/vim/python/django/django-apps/")

AddToPythonPath()
# end for add

这样urls.py中的include就不会报错了。

主Project和子App的template如下:

// file : siteWithApps->base.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
		<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		{% if result %}
		<a href="/siteWithApps/apps/"><h2>Go to Avilable APPS</h2></a>
		{% else %}
		<form action="/siteWithApps/logincheck/" method="post">
			<label for="user_name">用户名:</label>
			<input type="text" id="user_name" name="user_name" />
			<label for="user_pass">密码  :</label>
			<input type="text" id="user_pass" name="user_pass" />
			<br />

			<input type="submit" value="登录" />
		</form
		{% endif %}
		{% block login_result %}{% endblock %}

	</body>
</html>

// file : siteWithApps->apps.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
		<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
	</head>
	<body>
	<h2>Go to Avilable APPS</h2>
		<ul>
			<li>
				<a href="/siteWithApps/app2/">subApp2</a>
			</li>
			<li><a href="/siteWithApps/app3/">subApp3</a></li>
		</ul>	
		{% block subApp %}{% endblock %}
	</body>
</html>
// file : subApp1->check_login.html

{% extends "siteWithApps/base.html"  %}

{% block title %}LoginCheck{% endblock %}

{% block login_result %}
<h2>输入的用户名和密码分别为:{{ user_name }} 和 {{ user_pass }}</h2>
<label for="login_result">登录结果:</label>
{% if result %}
<h1>登录成功</h1>
{% else %}
<h1>登录失败</h1>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
// file : subApp2->subApp2.html

{% extends "siteWithApps/apps.html"  %}
{% block title %}subApp 2{% endblock %}

{% block subApp %}
<h1>This sub App 2</h1>
{% endblock %}
// file : subApp3->subApp3

{% extends "siteWithApps/apps.html"  %}
{% block title %}subApp 3{% endblock %}

{% block subApp %}
<h1>This sub App 3</h1>
{% endblock %}

整个工程的目录如下:

D:\Vim\python\django
    |-django-apps
    |     | 
    |     |-subApp1
    |     |     |-urls.py
    |     |     |-views.py
    |     |     `-__init__.py
    |     | 
    |     |-subApp2
    |     |     |-urls.py
    |     |     |-views.py
    |     |     `-__init__.py
    |     | 
    |     `-subApp3
    |           |-urls.py
    |           |-views.py
    |           `-__init__.py
    | 
    |-django-templates
    |     |-siteWithApps
    |     |     |-apps.html
    |     |     `-base.html
    |     | 
    |     |-subApp1
    |     |     `-check_login.html
    |     | 
    |     |-subApp2
    |     |     `-subApp2.html
    |     | 
    |     `-subApp3
    |           `-subApp3.html
    | 
    `-siteWithApps
          |-manage.py
          |-settings.py
          |-urls.py
          |-views.py
          `-__init__.py
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wang_yb/p/2033373.html