SpringSecurity
目录
1. 简介
SpringSecurity是SpringBoot默认的底层安全模块的技术选型
重要的类(SpringSecurity的核心)
- WebSecurityConfigureAdapter: 自定义Security策略
- AuthenticationManagerBuilder: 自定义认证策略
- @EnableWebSecurity: 开启WebSecurity模式
两个核心目标是"认证"和"授权" (访问控制)
认证 ====> Authentication
授权 ====> Authorization
利用了AOP
2. 访问控制
1. 导入依赖
<!--security-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
包含了AOP织入
2. 固定结构搭建
注解, 继承, 重写
package com.wang.config;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
super.configure(http);
}
}
3. 用户认证和授权
package com.wang.config;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//链式编程
//授权
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//首页所有人可以访问, 功能页只有对应有权限的人才能访问
//请求授权的规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
.antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
.antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
//没有权限, 默认回到登录页面(/login), 需要开启登录的页面
/*
The most basic configuration defaults to automatically generating a login page at
the URL "/login", redirecting to "/login?error" for authentication failure.
*/
http.formLogin();
}
//认证
//密码编码: PassWordEncoding
//在SpringSecurity 5.0+ 新增了很多的加密方式
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
//此处的数据是从内存中读的, 而正常情况下应该从数据库中读
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("wang").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2", "vip3")
.and()
.withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1", "vip2", "vip3")
.and()
.withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1");
}
}
注意
- .passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())一定要写, SpringSecurity5要求密码硬编码提高安全性
- .password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")) 对密码进行编码
- .and() 添加多个用户
- 默认的登录页面: /login
3. 注销及权限控制
1. 注销
//链式编程
//授权
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//首页所有人可以访问, 功能页只有对应有权限的人才能访问
//请求授权的规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
.antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
.antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
//没有权限, 默认回到登录页面(/login), 需要开启登录的页面
/*
The most basic configuration defaults to automatically generating a login page at
the URL "/login", redirecting to "/login?error" for authentication failure.
*/
http.formLogin();
//注销, 开启了注销功能, 跳到首页
/*
The default is that accessing the URL
"/logout" will log the user out by invalidating the HTTP Session, cleaning up any
{@link #rememberMe()} authentication that was configured, clearing the
{@link SecurityContextHolder}, and then redirect to "/login?success".
*/
http.logout().deleteCookies("remove").invalidateHttpSession(true).logoutSuccessUrl("/");
//get 明文, a标签, 不安全 post 表单, 安全
//SpringSecurity默认开启了防止csrf攻击的设置, 使用disable可以将其关闭
http.csrf().disable();
}
2. 整合thymeleaf和SpringSecurity
导入依赖
<!--thymeleaf SpringSecurity整合-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5</artifactId>
<version>3.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
html添加提示
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security">
登录注销的控制
<!--登录注销-->
<div class="right menu">
<!--未登录-->
<div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}">
<i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
</a>
</div>
<!--已登录 : 用户名, 注销-->
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<!--注销-->
<a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}">
<i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
</a>
</div>
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item">
用户名: <span sec:authentication="principal.username"></span>
角色: <span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
使用 sec: 标签
3. 根据权限实现动态菜单
<!--根据用户的角色动态实现菜单-->
<div>
<br>
<div class="ui three column stackable grid">
<!--如果有对应的权限, 则显示-->
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
利用sec:authorize="hasRole('')"对div 块是否显示做权限判断, 注意, hasRole方法中用单引号
4. controller利用RestFul实现URL的复用
package com.wang.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class RouterController {
@RequestMapping({"/", "/index"})
public String index() {
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin() {
return "views/login";
}
//实现路径的复用 (利用前端传来的数据实现不同的跳转, 返回值拼接字符串)
@RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
public String toLevel1(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level1/" + id;
}
//实现路径的复用 (利用前端传来的数据实现不同的跳转, 返回值拼接字符串)
@RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
public String toLevel2(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level2/" + id;
}
//实现路径的复用 (利用前端传来的数据实现不同的跳转, 返回值拼接字符串)
@RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
public String toLevel3(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level3/" + id;
}
}
前端代码 a th:href="@{/level1/1}" 在thymeleaf中自动使用为RestFul风格, 在controller中用/{XXX} 以及@PathVariable("XXX")取到就可以用了!
4. 自定义login以及RememberMe
1. 自定义login
在授权的代码中, loginProcessingUrl放的URL和前端表单提交的URL一致
//自定义登录页面
http.formLogin().loginPage("/toLogin").loginProcessingUrl("/login");
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<div class="field">
<label>Username</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
<i class="user icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
</form>
2. 自定义RememberMe
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="rememberMe">记住我
</div>
//开启记住我功能 cookie 默认保存两周 自定义rememberMe对应的前端的name属性
http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("rememberMe");
在后端中的rememberMeParameter方法的参数要与前端的name一致