JADE提升篇

以下如果未特殊声明,都在JADE管理器中运行,然后再Eclipse控制台中查看!
JADE行为类
在前面的例子中,Agent所作的工作都定义在了setup方法中,实际上它具有的行为和执行的动作都应该定义在Behavious类中,我们可以对Behavior类生成实例,然后将任务或者动作代码放在对Behavious类中的action方法中,action方法是必须要有的。Behavious类还有很多子类,分别对应着不同类型的Behaviour,包括SimpleBehaviour,SequencesBehaviour, ParallelBehavior, CyclicBehavior等。
一个Agent的行为表示它能够执行的任务,通过继承jade.core.behaviours.Behaviour来实现。然后在Agent类中通过addBehaviour()方法将行为加入进来。当一个Agent启动(通过setup()方法后,行为可以在任何时间加入进来。
要定义Behaviour必须实现其action()方法,它定义了Agent的执行时的实际动作,而done()方法指名了一个行为是否已执行完毕,是否要从行为池中删除。
一个Agent可以并发执行多个behaviour。每个Agent线程启动后执行的过程如下:

wpsC75A.tmp

SimpleBehaviour简单行为

下面的例子中我们不在setup()中打印信息,而是把它放在一个简单行为中:
在jadetest包里面新建一个java类命名为HelloWorldBehaviour,输入下面代码。配置中把变量改为-gui sb:jadetest.SimpleBehaviour,运行

package jadetest;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午5:20:11 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.Location;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;

public class HelloWorldBehaviours extends Agent {
    public void setup() {
        SimpleBehaviour hello_behaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
            boolean finished = false;

            // 覆盖 Behaviour 类的action这一抽象方法
            public void action() {
                System.out.println("HelloWorldBehaviour run: Hello World!");
                System.out.println("-----About Me:-----");
                System.out.println("My local name is:" + getLocalName());
                System.out.println("My globally unique name is:" + getName());
                System.out.println("-----About Here:-----");
                Location l = here();
                System.out.println("I am running in a location called:" + l.getName());
                System.out.println("Which is identified uniquely as:" + l.getID());
                System.out.println("And is contactable at:" + l.getAddress());
                System.out.println("Using the protocol:" + l.getProtocol());
                finished = true;
            }

            // done()在父类中也是一个抽象方法
            public boolean done() {
                return finished;
            }
        };
        addBehaviour(hello_behaviour);
    } // setup()
}

然后使用智能体管理器添加智能体并运行:

wps804C.tmp

wps804D.tmp

输出结果为:
HelloWorldBehaviour run: Hello World!
-----About Me:-----
My local name is:hwb
My globally unique name is:hwb@172.17.98.217:1099/JADE
-----About Here:-----
I am running in a location called:Main-Container
Which is identified uniquely as:Main-Container@172.17.98.217
And is contactable at:172.17.98.217
Using the protocol:jicp
这个程序相较于前面的例子多了action, done两个函数,它们分别执行自己的操作。HelloWorldBehaviours类加载时定义一个简单行为,这个简单行为执行的操作由action,done来实现。然后,再通过加载语句(addBehaviour(hello_behaviour))执行这个简单行为

简单行为和循环行为(CyclicBehaviour)组合的例子

一个Agent中可以加入各种Behaviour构成CompositeBehaviour。
在Eclipse的jade工程中编写下列程序,过程如前所描述。

package jadetest;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午8:46:29 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.Behaviour;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.core.behaviours.OneShotBehaviour;

public class SimpleAgent extends Agent {
    private class FourStepBehaviour extends Behaviour {
        // SimpleBehaviour hello_behaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this){
        // 这两条语句有很大不同吗?上面的定义一个新的类,下面的修改了标准行为的执行内容
        private int step = 1;

        public void action() {
            switch (step) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("Operation 1");
                break;
            case 2:
                System.out.println("Operation 2. Adding one-shot behaviour");
                myAgent.addBehaviour(new OneShotBehaviour(myAgent) {
                    // 增加了一个新的动作,即快照
                    public void action() {
                        System.out.println("One-shot");
                    }
                });// myAgent.addbehaviour
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println("Operation 3");
                break;
            case 4:
                System.out.println("Operation 4");
                break;
            }// switch
            step++;
        } // action

        public boolean done() {
            return step == 5; // 判断语句
        }

        public int onEnd() {
            myAgent.doDelete();
            System.out.println("Finished!");
            return super.onEnd();
        }
    } // class FourStepBehaviour

    /** Creates a new instance of SimpleAgent */
    protected void setup() {
        System.out.println("Agent " + getLocalName() + " started.");
        addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) { // 增加了一个循环行为
            public void action() {
                System.out.println("Cycling");
            }
        }); // //增加的循环行为
        // Add the generic behaviour
        addBehaviour(new FourStepBehaviour());
    }// //setup()
}

输出结果:
Agent sa started.
Cycling
Operation 1
Cycling
Operation 2. Adding one-shot behaviour
Cycling
Operation 3
One-shot
Cycling
Operation 4
Finished!
注意每个Agent内部都有一个ParallelBehaviour,我们如果加入多个behaviour到Agent中,他们会并行执行。behaviours加入到队列的顺序就是他们执行的次序。最后,behaviours可以动态的加入到Agent以及CompositeBehaviour。
总结:每个主体的执行都是从setup() 开始顺序执行的。主体可以执行自定义的行为,如上例中的hello_behaviour ,FourStepBehaviour,也可以执行标准化的行为如OneShotBehaviour。
Agent通讯:ACL(Agent communication language)
JADE的Agent之间进行通信使用的acl语言遵循fipa acl规范。一个acl消息通常包含这些参数:sender:消息的发送者,用Agent标志AID表示; receivers,接受Agent消息的Agent可以是多个;Reply-to,应收到回应的接受者;Performative:标志发送消息的目的,即发送者想要通过发送消息干什么,通常有这样一些常值:REQUEST, INFORM, ACCEPT_PROPOSAL, REJECT_PROPOSAL, PROPOSE;Content,消息的内容;内容语言,比如内容的编码格式;ontology,双方都能够理解的消息内容的概念说明和语义描述。
简单实例
发送者:

package jadetest;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:00:25 
 */
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.Behaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;

public class SimpleSender extends Agent {
    protected void setup() {
        addBehaviour(new Behaviour(this) {
            private boolean finished = false;

            public void action() {
                System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": about to inform bob hello");
                // we sleep here to give bob a chance to start.
                doWait(5000);
                AID r = new AID();// 作用是什么?表示消息的发送者
                r.setLocalName("bob");
                ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
                // set performative
                msg.setSender(getAID());
                msg.addReceiver(r);
                msg.setContent("Hello_BOB");
                send(msg);
                System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": Send hello to bob");
                System.out.println("the content is:" + msg.getContent()); // finished = true;
                doWait(5000);
                doDelete();
            } // action

            public boolean done() {
                return finished;
            }
        }); // addbehavior
    }// setup
}// Agent

这段代码的主要执行过程为:构建一个AID,以此来指出该消息的目的Agent。这里我们指定目的为一个本地的Agent,名字为bob。建立一个ACL消息标志其performative为INFORM。设定Sender为自身,指定接收者为bob。然后发送消息内容。打印相关信息。
接收者:他的名字必须为bob

package jadetest;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:01:36 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;

public class SimpleReceiver extends Agent {
    class DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour extends SimpleBehaviour {
        private boolean finished = false;

        public DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour(Agent Agent) {
            super(Agent);
        }

        public void action() {
            ACLMessage msg = receive();
            if (msg != null) {
                System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": received the following message : ");
                System.out.println(msg.toString());
                finished = true;
                myAgent.doDelete();
            } else {
                System.out.println(getLocalName()
                        + ":No message received, Blocking the behaviour till one is");
                block();
            }
        }// action

        public boolean done() {
            return finished;
        }
    }// DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour

    protected void setup() {
        DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour behaviour = new DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour(this);
        addBehaviour(behaviour);
    }
}// Agent

接收者的代码流程为:添加一个简单行为,这一行为检查现在是否有受到消息,若没有,则执行block()方法组织目前的behaviour执行,直到有新的消息到达。
复杂实例
FIPA定义了一组交互协议,包括FIPA-request, FIPA-query, FIPA-request-when, FIPA-contract-net, FIPA-Iterater-net, FIPA-Auction-English, FIPA-Auction-Dutch.其中:
REQUEST-INFORM:A请求B做一些工作,B可以同意或拒绝。如果B同意,则会去完成并告诉A该工作已经完成。等等。
Query:A想知道一些事情,B可以同意或不同意,并将B的回应告诉A。
Propose:在给定一些precondition的条件下,提出一个proposal去执行某些动作。
在Eclipse中创建文件夹ips:其代码文件有两个,分别为

package ips;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:03:05 
 */
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.FIPANames.InteractionProtocol;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.proto.SimpleAchieveREInitiator;

public class SimpleRequestInitiator extends Agent {
    static class MarriageProposer extends SimpleAchieveREInitiator {
        protected MarriageProposer(Agent Agent, ACLMessage msg) {
            super(Agent, msg);
        }

        protected void handleAgree(ACLMessage msg) {
            System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ": 吼吼! " + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
                    + " 已经同意嫁给我了, I'm so excited!");
        }

        protected void handleRefuse(ACLMessage msg) {
            System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ": Oh no! "
                    + msg.getSender().getLocalName() + " 拒绝了我, i feel sad.");
        }

        protected void handleInform(ACLMessage msg) {
            System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
                    + " has informed me of the status of my request." + " They said : "
                    + msg.getContent());
        }

        protected void handleNotUnderstood(ACLMessage msg) {
            System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
                    + " has indicated that they didn't understand.");
        }

        protected void handleOutOfSequence(ACLMessage msg) {
            System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
                    + "has sent me a message which I wasn't" + " expecting in this conversation");
        }
    }

    protected void setup() {
        System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": about to propose marriage to bob ");
        doWait(5000); // wait for bob to be started.
        ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.REQUEST);
        AID to = new AID();

        to.setLocalName("bob");
        msg.setSender(getAID());
        msg.addReceiver(to);
        msg.setContent("Marry Me!");
        msg.setProtocol(InteractionProtocol.FIPA_REQUEST);
        addBehaviour(new MarriageProposer(this, msg));
    }
}

还有:

package ips;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:03:57 
 */

import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.FIPANames.InteractionProtocol;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.proto.SimpleAchieveREResponder;

public class SimpleRequestResponder extends Agent {
    static class MarriageResponder extends SimpleAchieveREResponder {
        public MarriageResponder(Agent Agent) {
            super(Agent, createMessageTemplate(InteractionProtocol.FIPA_REQUEST));
        }

        protected ACLMessage prepareResponse(ACLMessage msg) {
            ACLMessage response = msg.createReply();
            if (msg.getContent() != null && msg.getContent().equals("Marry Me!")) {
                System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
                        + " has asked me to marry him!");
                AID sender;
                sender = msg.getSender();
                if (sender.getLocalName().equals("baz")) {
                    response.setPerformative(ACLMessage.AGREE);
                    System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":I'm going to agree.");
                } else {
                    response.setPerformative(ACLMessage.REFUSE);
                    System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":I'm going to turn him down.");
                }
            } else {
                response.setPerformative(ACLMessage.NOT_UNDERSTOOD);
                System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":I didn't understand what "
                        + msg.getSender().getLocalName() + " just said to me.");
            }
            return response;
        }

        protected ACLMessage prepareResultNotification(ACLMessage inmsg, ACLMessage outmsg) {
            // what they have asked is now complete (or if it failed)
            ACLMessage msg = inmsg.createReply();
            msg.setPerformative(ACLMessage.INFORM);
            msg.setContent("I Do!");
            return msg;
        }
    }

    protected void setup() {
        System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": I wonder if anybody wants to marry me?");
        addBehaviour(new MarriageResponder(this));
    }//
}

按照以前记载,先打开GUI管理器,主类依然为jade.Boot,参数为-gui,GUI管理打开之后先建立一个名为bob的Agent,对应的类为ips.SimpleRequestResponder,然后再建立一个名为baz的Agent,对应的类为ips.SimpleRequestInitiator,记住顺序不能变,以下是输出结果:
bob: I wonder if anybody wants to marry me?
baz: about to propose marriage to bob
bob:baz has asked me to marry him!
bob:I'm going to agree.
baz: 吼吼! bob 已经同意嫁给我了, I'm so excited!
baz:bob has informed me of the status of my request. They said : I Do!
上例中,应用了SimpleAchieveREInitiator和SimpleAchieveREResponder两个基类,适用于两个Agent之间的交互。可以看出发起者对于不同的回应有不同的执行动作。
技巧:从AMS中获取所有Agent的AID。

package ips;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月16日 下午1:52:33 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.AMSService;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.AMSAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.SearchConstraints;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;

public class AMSDump extends Agent {
    protected void setup() {
        AMSAgentDescription[] Agents = null;
        try {
            SearchConstraints c = new SearchConstraints();
            c.setMaxResults(new Long(-1));
            Agents = AMSService.search(this, new AMSAgentDescription(), c);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Problem searching AMS: " + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
        msg.setContent("Ping");
        for (int i = 0; i < Agents.length; i++) {
            if (Agents[i].getName().equals(getAID())) {
                // 如果不是自己则加入到接收者数组中
                continue;
            }
            msg.addReceiver(Agents[i].getName());
        }
    }
}

ACL高级特性之消息模板:

MessageTemplate class 利用MessageTemplate可以针对ACLMessage的每个属性设置模式,以达到过滤消息的目的。为了可以构建更复杂的匹配规则,多个模式也可以进行and,or,not运算。最有用的一些规则或方法包括:通信行为匹配,发送者匹配,会话ID匹配。
比如MatchPerformative( performative ) 是通信行为的匹配。
这里 performative 可能是:
ACLMessage.INFORM
ACLMessage.PROPOSE
ACLMessage.AGREE
还有发送者匹配MatchSender( AID ),会话匹配MatchConversationID( String ),通信协议匹配MatchProtocol( String ) ,本体匹配MatchOntology( String)。
    比如:MessageTemplate mt = MessageTemplate.and( 
               MessageTemplate.MatchPerformative( ACLMessage.INFORM ),
               MessageTemplate.MatchSender( new AID( "a1",                                                         AID.ISLOCALNAME))) ;
相当于建立了一个模板,表示消息规则为INFORM行为并且发送者为“a1”。
接收过程如下:ACLMessage msg = receive( mt );
             if (msg != null) { ... handle message }
             block();
示例:

package jadePrime.acl;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:07:11 
 */
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.lang.acl.MessageTemplate;

public class Template extends Agent {
    MessageTemplate mt1 = MessageTemplate.and(MessageTemplate.MatchPerformative(ACLMessage.INFORM),
            MessageTemplate.MatchSender(new AID("a1", AID.ISLOCALNAME)));

    protected void setup() {
        // Send messages to "a1" and "a2"

        ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
        msg.setContent("Ping");
        for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++)
            msg.addReceiver(new AID("a" + i, AID.ISLOCALNAME));

        send(msg);

        // Set-up Behaviour 1

        addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
            public void action() {
                System.out.print("Behaviour ONE: ");
                ACLMessage msg = receive(mt1);
                if (msg != null)
                    System.out.println("gets " + msg.getPerformative() + " from "
                            + msg.getSender().getLocalName() + "=" + msg.getContent());
                else
                    System.out.println("gets NULL");
                block();
            }
        });
        // Set-up Behaviour 2
        addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
            public void action() {
                System.out.print("Behaviour TWO: ");
                ACLMessage msg = receive();
                if (msg != null)
                    System.out.println("gets " + msg.getPerformative() + " from "
                            + msg.getSender().getLocalName() + "=" + msg.getContent());
                else
                    System.out.println("gets NULL");
                block();
            }
        });
    }
}
package jadePrime.acl;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:10:07 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;

public class Responder extends Agent {
    protected void setup() {
        addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
            public void action() {
                ACLMessage msg = receive();
                if (msg != null) {

                    ACLMessage reply = msg.createReply();
                    reply.setPerformative(ACLMessage.INFORM);
                    reply.setContent(" Gossip.....");
                    send(reply);

                    reply.setPerformative(ACLMessage.PROPOSE);
                    reply.setContent(" Really sexy stuff... cheap! ");
                    send(reply);
                }
                block();
            }
        });
    }
}

输出结果:
Behaviour ONE: gets NULL
Behaviour TWO: gets 6 from ams=( (action ( agent-identifier :name template@192.168.23.1:1099/JADE  :addresses (sequence http://jacksile:7778/acc )) (ACLMessage) ) (MTS-error ( agent-identifier :name a1@192.168.23.1:1099/JADE ) (internal-error "Agent not found: getContainerID() failed to find agent a1@192.168.23.1:1099/JADE")) )
Behaviour ONE: gets NULL

Base64:发送消息为java序列化对象

在JADE中,支持Agents之间通信的消息内容使用序列化的java对象,对本地应用,特别是所有Agent都用java实现的情况下也是很有用的.
看实例:一个ObjectSender负责发送一个Person对象,ObjectReceiver负责接收后打印出接收到的内容。
源文件:Person.java

package examples.Base64;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:34:47 
 */
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

public class Person implements Serializable {
    String name;
    String surname;
    Date birthdate;
    int age;

    Person(String n, String s, Date d, int a) {
        name = n;
        surname = s;
        birthdate = d;
        age = a;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return (name + " " + surname + " born on " + birthdate.toString() + " age = " + age);
    }
}

文件2:ObjectSender.java

package examples.Base64;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:35:47 
 */
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

public class ObjectSender extends Agent {
    protected void setup() {

        try {
            ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
            msg.setContent("Ping");

            AID personR = new AID("personR", AID.ISLOCALNAME);
            msg.addReceiver(personR);
            Person p = new Person("Name1", "Surname1", new Date(), 1);
            msg.setContentObject(p);
            msg.setLanguage("JavaSerialization");
            send(msg);
            System.out.println(getLocalName() + " sent 1st msg " + msg);

            send(msg);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        doDelete(); // kill itself because it has completed its task.

    }

}

文件三:ObjectReceiver.java

package examples.Base64;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:37:17 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.lang.acl.UnreadableException;

public class ObjectReceiver extends Agent {
    protected void setup() {
        addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
            public void action() {
                try {
                    ACLMessage msg = blockingReceive();
                    System.out.println(getLocalName() + " rx msg" + msg);
                    if ("JavaSerialization".equals(msg.getLanguage())) {
                        Person p = (Person) msg.getContentObject();
                        System.out.println(getLocalName() + " 获取Java对象: ");
                        System.out.println(p.getClass().getName());
                        System.out.println(p.toString());
                    }
                } catch (UnreadableException e3) {
                    System.err.println(getLocalName() + " catched exception " + e3.getMessage());
                }

                block();
            }
        });
    }

}

外部应用程序调用Agent
JADE2.3以后的版本都提供了in-process接口来实现外部应用程序对Agent的调用。
我们可以通过jade.core.Runtime.instance()来获得jade运行时的一个单独得实例。有两种方法可以用来创建一个jade主容器和一个jade远程容器。主要调用过程如下:

wpsC4FA.tmp

先看简单的例子:

package inprocess;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:48:37 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;

/**
 *
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class CustomAgent extends Agent {

    public void setup() {
        SimpleBehaviour helloBehaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
            boolean finished = false;

            public void action() {
                System.out.println("Hello World Behaviour run: 你好,世界!");
                System.out.println("-----我是:-----");
                System.out.println("我的本地名称是:" + getLocalName());
                System.out.println("我全局唯一的标志名称为:" + getName());
                finished = true;
            }

            public boolean done() {
                return finished;
            }

        };
        addBehaviour(helloBehaviour);
    }

}

以上是要调用的Agent类

package inprocess;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:49:43 
 */

import jade.core.Profile;
import jade.core.ProfileImpl;
import jade.core.Runtime;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController;

public class InprocessTest {

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        try {
            Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();
            rt.setCloseVM(true);
            Profile pMain = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
            System.out.println("Launching a whole in-process platform..." + pMain);
            AgentContainer mc = rt.createMainContainer(pMain);
            // set now the default Profile to start a container
            ProfileImpl pContainer = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
            System.out.println("Launching the Agent container ..." + pContainer);
            AgentController custom = mc.createNewAgent("custom", "inprocess.CustomAgent", null);
            custom.start();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}// 以上是调用者,在Eclipse中调试通过。

再看一个例子,也是main函数中动态创建Agent的例子。可以通过先创建另一个容器,然后再这个容器中创建Aent。比如:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO code application logic here
        Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();
        rt.setCloseVM(true);
        ContainerController cc =  rt.createAgentContainer(new ProfileImpl(false));
        
        AgentController pingAgent = null;
        try    {
            // create Agent and start it
            (cc.createNewAgent("hello", "jadeclient.HelloWorldAgent", new Object[0])).start();
        } catch (Exception e){}
    }

可以写如下测试程序,这里用Eclipse平台,一个HelloWorldAgent,他将被动态创建并向主容器中的server发送一个消息:

package jadeclient;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:50:50 
 */
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;

public class HelloWorldAgent extends Agent {
    public void setup() {

        addBehaviour(new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
            boolean finished = false;
            AID server = new AID("server", AID.ISLOCALNAME);

            public void action() {
                System.out.println("我的本地名称是:" + getLocalName());
                ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
                msg.setContent("消息内容");
                msg.addReceiver(server);
                send(msg);
                System.out.println("已经往主容器中的server发送信息#");
                block(1000);

                finished = true;
            }

            public boolean done() {
                return finished;
            }
        });
    };
}

而server角色是收到消息后打印出来。

/*
 * ReceiverAgent.java
 * To change this template, choose Tools | Template Manager
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package jadeclient;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:51:57 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;

/**
 *
 * @author admin
 */
public class ReceiverAgent extends Agent {

    /** Creates a new instance of ReceiverAgent */

    // 把接收到的信息打印出来
    protected void setup() {
        addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
            public void action() {
                ACLMessage msg = receive();
                if (msg != null)
                    System.out
                            .println("收到信息 " + myAgent.getLocalName() + " <- " + msg.getContent());
                block();
            }
        });
    }

}

所有类写完之后,这里运行的时候先打开GUI管理器,然后GUI界面下创建一个名叫server的Agent,其类为jadeclient. ReceiverAgent,然后再创建一个名叫hello的Agent,其类为jadeclient.HelloWorldAgent.,记住,顺序不能变
在GUI界面管理器显示如下,在Eclipse平台中下面显示的是打印出的信息,可见在同一主机的不同容器中Agent通信与在同一容器中通信并无二样。

wps3655.tmp

wps3665.tmp

看一个稍微复杂的例子:

package examples.inprocess;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:53:06 
 */

import jade.core.Profile;
import jade.core.ProfileImpl;
import jade.core.Runtime;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController;

public class InProcessTest {

    // Simple class behaving as a Condition Variable
    public static class CondVar {
        private boolean value = false;

        synchronized void waitOn() throws InterruptedException {
            while (!value) {
                wait();
            }
        }

        synchronized void signal() {
            value = true;
            notifyAll();
        }

    } // End of CondVar class

    // This class is a custom Agent, accepting an Object through the
    // object-to-Agent communication channel, and displying it on the
    // standard output.
    public static class CustomAgent extends jade.core.Agent {

        public void setup() {
            // Accept objects through the object-to-Agent communication
            // channel, with a maximum size of 10 queued objects
            setEnabledO2ACommunication(true, 10);

            // Notify blocked threads that the Agent is ready and that
            // object-to-Agent communication is enabled
            Object[] args = getArguments();
            if (args.length > 0) {
                CondVar latch = (CondVar) args[0];
                latch.signal();
            }

            // Add a suitable cyclic behaviour...
            addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour() {

                public void action() {
                    // Retrieve the first object in the queue and print it on
                    // the standard output
                    Object obj = getO2AObject();
                    if (obj != null) {
                        System.out.println("Got an object from the queue: [" + obj + "]");
                    } else
                        block();
                }

            });
        }

        public void takeDown() {
            // Disables the object-to-Agent communication channel, thus
            // waking up all waiting threads
            setEnabledO2ACommunication(false, 0);
        }

    } // End of CustomAgent class

    public static void main(String args[]) {

        try {
            Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();// 获取jade运行时

            // Exit the JVM when there are no more containers around
            rt.setCloseVM(true);

            // 看运行参数中是否有-container
            if (args.length > 0) {
                if (args[0].equalsIgnoreCase("-container")) {
                    // 创建一个默认的profile
                    Profile p = new ProfileImpl(false);
                    // p.setParameter(Profile.MAIN, "false");

                    // Create a new non-main container, connecting to the default
                    // main container (i.e. on this host, port 1099)
                    System.out.println("Launching the Agent container ..." + p);
                    AgentContainer ac = rt.createAgentContainer(p);

                    // 创建一个新的Agent
                    AgentController dummy = ac.createNewAgent("inProcess",
                            "jade.tools.DummyAgent.DummyAgent", new Object[0]);

                    // 启动它
                    System.out.println("Starting up a DummyAgent...");
                    dummy.start();

                    // 等10秒
                    Thread.sleep(10000);

                    // 杀死这个Agent
                    System.out.println("Killing DummyAgent...");
                    dummy.kill();

                    // 在同一虚拟机上创建另一个容器,NB,
                    // NB. 两个容器不能共享同一个 Profile对象!!! -->
                    // 所以需再创建一个profile对象
                    p = new ProfileImpl(false);
                    // p.putProperty(Profile.MAIN, "false");
                    AgentContainer another = rt.createAgentContainer(p);

                    // 用两个参数创建一个移动agnet
                    Object[] arguments = new Object[2];
                    arguments[0] = "Hello World!";
                    arguments[1] = dummy;
                    AgentController mobile = another.createNewAgent("Johnny",
                            "examples.mobile.MobileAgent", arguments);
                    mobile.start();

                    return;
                }
            }

            // 在8888端口运行一个完整的平台t
            // create a default Profile
            Profile pMain = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);

            System.out.println("Launching a whole in-process platform..." + pMain);
            AgentContainer mc = rt.createMainContainer(pMain);

            // 使用默认的profile启动一个容器
            ProfileImpl pContainer = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
            System.out.println("Launching the Agent container ..." + pContainer);
            AgentContainer cont = rt.createAgentContainer(pContainer);
            System.out.println("Launching the Agent container after ..." + pContainer);

            System.out.println("Launching the rma Agent on the main container ...");
            AgentController rma = mc.createNewAgent("rma", "jade.tools.rma.rma", new Object[0]);
            rma.start();

            // Launch a custom Agent, taking an object via the
            // object-to-Agent communication channel. Notice how an Object
            // is passed to the Agent, to achieve a startup synchronization:
            // this Object is used as a POSIX 'condvar' or a Win32
            // 'EventSemaphore' object...

            CondVar startUpLatch = new CondVar();

            AgentController custom = mc.createNewAgent("customAgent", CustomAgent.class.getName(),
                    new Object[] { startUpLatch });
            custom.start();

            // Wait until the Agent starts up and notifies the Object
            try {
                startUpLatch.waitOn();
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                ie.printStackTrace();
            }

            // Put an object in the queue, asynchronously
            System.out.println("Inserting an object, asynchronously...");
            custom.putO2AObject("Message 1", AgentController.ASYNC);
            System.out.println("Inserted.");

            // Put an object in the queue, synchronously
            System.out.println("Inserting an object, synchronously...");
            custom.putO2AObject(mc, AgentController.SYNC);
            System.out.println("Inserted.");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

现在看看servlet能不能调用这个,在Eclipse中建立一个web工程,添加jade库,建立一个servlet在servlet中进行调用Agent,看能不能输出结果。
其中主要文件如下
文件名:StartServlet.java:

package examples;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:57:37 
 */

import jade.core.Profile;
import jade.core.ProfileImpl;
import jade.core.Runtime;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class StartServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        out.println("<html>");
        out.println("<head>");
        out.println("<title>Servlet StartServlet</title>");
        out.println("</head>");
        out.println("<body>");
        out.println("<h1>Servlet StartServlet at " + request.getContextPath() + "</h1>");
        out.println("<font size=10 >你好</font>");
        try {
            Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();
            rt.setCloseVM(true);
            Profile pMain = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);

            AgentContainer mc = rt.createMainContainer(pMain);
            // set now the default Profile to start a container
            ProfileImpl pContainer = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
            out.println("运行Agent容器 ..." + pContainer);
            AgentController rma = mc.createNewAgent("rma", "jade.tools.rma.rma", null);
            rma.start();
            AgentController custom = mc.createNewAgent("custom", "examples.CustomAgent", null);
            custom.start();

            out.println("我已经启动了一个小Agent");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        out.println("</body>");
        out.println("</html>");

        out.close();
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }

    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "Short description";
    }
}

CustomAgent.java:

package examples;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:03:40 
 */
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;

public class CustomAgent extends Agent {

    public void setup() {
        SimpleBehaviour helloBehaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
            boolean finished = false;

            public void action() {
                System.out.println("Hello World Behaviour run: 你好,世界!");
                System.out.println("-----我是:-----");
                System.out.println("我的本地名称是:" + getLocalName());
                System.out.println("我全局唯一的标志名称为:" + getName());
                finished = true;
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(40000);
                } catch (java.lang.InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("已经过了40秒钟");
                // 这里是为了测试关掉IE之后控制台上还会不会输出信息。
            }

            public boolean done() {
                return finished;
            }

        };
        addBehaviour(helloBehaviour);
    }

}

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>jade</display-name>
   <servlet>
        <servlet-name>StartServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>examples.StartServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>StartServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/StartServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>
            30
        </session-timeout>
    </session-config>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

在url:http://localhost:8888/jade/StartServlet中看到如下结果:
Servlet StartServlet at /jade
你好 运行Agent容器 ...(Profile main=true local-host=59.73.87.114 port=8888 services=jade.core.mobility.AgentMobilityService;jade.core.event.NotificationService host=59.73.87.114 local-port=8888 mtps=[jade.mtp.http.MessageTransportProtocol] jvm=j2se) 我已经启动了一个小Agent
在Tomcat控制台上输出信息:
Hello World Behaviour run: 你好,世界!
-----我是:-----
我的本地名称是:custom
我全局唯一的标志名称为:custom@deepin-84e2a07b:8888/JADE
已经过了40秒钟
同时图形化JADE容器运行,其中“已经过了40秒钟”是在浏览器关闭之后显示,说明Agent容器及Agent启动后一直运行着。
奇怪的是,我每次退出主容器,总显示
Exception while removing reference: java.lang.InterruptedException
java.lang.InterruptedException
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:116)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:132)
        at sun.java2d.Disposer.run(Disposer.java:107)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595)
AWT blocker activation interrupted: //后面这个是JADE GUI的bug么?
java.lang.InterruptedException
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:474)
        at sun.awt.AWTAutoShutdown.activateBlockerThread(AWTAutoShutdown.java:309)
        at sun.awt.AWTAutoShutdown.setToolkitBusy(AWTAutoShutdown.java:226)
        at sun.awt.AWTAutoShutdown.notifyToolkitThreadBusy(AWTAutoShutdown.java:118)
        at sun.awt.windows.WToolkit.eventLoop(Native Method)
        at sun.awt.windows.WToolkit.run(WToolkit.java:269)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595)
不知道什么问题?
一个Agent如何以程序的方式生成另一个Agent:
可以通过以下方式进行创建:

String name = "Alice" ;
        AgentContainer c = getContainerController();
        try {
            AgentController a = c.createNewAgent( name, "Pong", null );
            a.start();
        }
        catch (Exception e){}

其中,createNewAgent方法的第一个参数是要创建的Agent的名称,第二个是Agent的类名,实际使用时要包括他所在的命名空间(包名),第三个参数是要传入的参数的名称。
例子:

package jadePrime.acl;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:08:17 
 */
/**
 * Program which creates another Agent and sends 
 ------------     it some messages
 comm2.java
 * 
 */

import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController;

public class Comm2 extends Agent {
    String name = "Alice";
    AID alice = new AID(name, AID.ISLOCALNAME);

    protected void setup() {

        AgentContainer c = getContainerController();
        System.out.println("find container!");

        try {
            AgentController a = c.createNewAgent(name, "jadePrime.acl.Pong", null);
            a.start();
            System.out.println("++++pong has created:" + alice);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Create Agent Error!");
            addBehaviour(new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
                int n = 0;

                public void action() {
                    ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
                    msg.setContent("Message #" + n);
                    msg.addReceiver(alice);
                    System.out.println("+++ Sending: " + n);
                    send(msg);
                    block(1000);
                }

                public boolean done() {
                    return ++n > 3;
                }
            });
        }

    }
}

当我们创建一个Comm2的Agent时,在控制台上会打印出创建alice成功的消息。
如何收集当前AMS中Agent列表

package jadePrime.manage;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:09:53 
 */

import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.AMSService;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.AMSAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.SearchConstraints;

public class AMSDump extends Agent {
    protected void setup() {
        AMSAgentDescription[] Agents = null;
        try {
            SearchConstraints c = new SearchConstraints();
            c.setMaxResults(new Long(-1));
            Agents = AMSService.search(this, new AMSAgentDescription(), c);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Problem searching AMS: " + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        AID myID = getAID();
        for (int i = 0; i < Agents.length; i++) {
            AID AgentID = Agents[i].getName();
            System.out.println((AgentID.equals(myID) ? "*** " : "    ") + i + ": "
                    + AgentID.getName());
        }
        doDelete();
        // System.exit(0);
    }

}// end class AMSDump

详见:http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/%7Evaucher/Agents/JADE/primer4.html#5

wps3BA8.tmp

JADE中如何使用DF(Directory Facilitator)Agent提供的黄页服务。
这个比较好理解,DF相当于一个目录服务器,每个提供服务的Agent可以向DF注册其服务,然后,其他的Agent可以从DF中查询该类服务,也可以订阅这类服务,如果是后者,那么一旦这类服务被注册到DF中,则订阅方就可以收到。例程如下:
文件一, DFRegisterAgent.java 服务提供方

package yellowpages;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:11:14 
 */

import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.DFService;
import jade.domain.FIPAException;
import jade.domain.FIPANames;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.DFAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.Property;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.ServiceDescription;

public class DFRegisterAgent extends Agent {

    protected void setup() {
        String serviceName = "unknown";

        // 从命令行的参数中读取服务的名称,默认为unknown
        Object[] args = getArguments();
        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            serviceName = (String) args[0];
        }

        // 注册服务
        System.out.println("Agent " + getLocalName() + " registering service "" + serviceName
                + "" of type "weather-forecast"");
        try {
            // 必要的几个步骤
            DFAgentDescription dfd = new DFAgentDescription();
            dfd.setName(getAID());
            ServiceDescription sd = new ServiceDescription();
            sd.setName(serviceName);
            sd.setType("weather-forecast");// 设置服务类型为天气预报
            sd.addOntologies("weather-forecast-ontology");
            sd.addLanguages(FIPANames.ContentLanguage.FIPA_SL);
            // 使用服务的一方必须遵循的规范,和具有的本体知识
            sd.addProperties(new Property("country", "Italy"));
            dfd.addServices(sd);

            DFService.register(this, dfd);
        } catch (FIPAException fe) {
            fe.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

文件二.
DFSubscribeAgent.java订阅方

package yellowpages;

/** 
 * @function 
 * @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com 
 * @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:12:26 
 */
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.DFService;
import jade.domain.FIPAException;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.DFAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.Property;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.SearchConstraints;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.ServiceDescription;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.proto.SubscriptionInitiator;
import jade.util.leap.Iterator;

public class DFSubscribeAgent extends Agent {

    protected void setup() {
        // Build the description used as template for the subscription
        DFAgentDescription template = new DFAgentDescription();
        ServiceDescription templateSd = new ServiceDescription();
        templateSd.setType("weather-forecast");
        templateSd.addProperties(new Property("country", "Italy"));
        template.addServices(templateSd);

        SearchConstraints sc = new SearchConstraints();
        // 最多能接受10个结果
        sc.setMaxResults(new Long(10));

        addBehaviour(new SubscriptionInitiator(this, DFService.createSubscriptionMessage(this,
                getDefaultDF(), template, sc)) {
            protected void handleInform(ACLMessage inform) {
                System.out.println("Agent " + getLocalName() + ": Notification received from DF");
                try {
                    DFAgentDescription[] results = DFService
                            .decodeNotification(inform.getContent());
                    if (results.length > 0) {
                        for (int i = 0; i < results.length; ++i) {
                            DFAgentDescription dfd = results[i];
                            AID provider = dfd.getName();
                            // 同一个Agent可能提供很多服务,我们只对天气预报感兴趣
                            Iterator it = dfd.getAllServices();
                            while (it.hasNext()) {
                                ServiceDescription sd = (ServiceDescription) it.next();
                                if (sd.getType().equals("weather-forecast")) {
                                    System.out.println("Weather-forecast service for Italy found:");
                                    System.out.println("- Service "" + sd.getName()
                                            + "" provided by Agent " + provider.getName());
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println();
                } catch (FIPAException fe) {
                    fe.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

这样,编译后,我们为了体现发布服务和订阅服务时间上的一致关系,我们从命令行来运行这些类。假设已编译成功,文件标志在某目录下yellowpages DFSubscribeAgent.class 和yellowpages DFRegisterAgent.class,我们在yellowpages目录下运行命令
java jade.Boot –gui service1: yellowpages.DFRegisterAgent
系统运行主容器,同时控制台上显示Agent service1 registering service “noname” of type "weather-forecast"
然后我们在图形界面下,start new Agent,AgentName:subscriber ClassName:yellowpages.DFSubscribeAgent 添加后,控制台上会显示相关启动后的信息,但不会显示收到服务的消息。然后再start new Agent,AgentName:service2 ClassName:yellowpages.DFRegisterAgent 参数设为:rainny,这是控制台上显示注册服务成功的消息和订阅到服务的消息。显示如下:

wps5752.tmp

JADE中使用本体:
    Agent之间进行通信要有相同的语言,词汇和协议。在JADE中,Agents之间通信的方式可以有三种:1.使用字符串表达信息的内容,是最基本的方式.当消息内容是原子数据时,这种方式非常便利.2.消息内容使用序列化的java对象,对本地应用,特别是所有Agent都用java实现的情况下也是很有用的.3.为了jade能够以FIPA格式队消息进行编码和解码,扩展预先定义好的类,亦即使用本体的方式。这种方式允许jade的Agent可以同其他异质Agent系统进行互操作。这三种方式下对应设置和获取内容的方法对应如下:
image
现在有一些已经存在的language来描述ontologies,如DAML+OIL和OWL,JADE并不直接支持这些ontologies,而是将ontologies编码为java类(比如protégé可以将本体直接导出为java类)。
本体提供了Agent交互的语义支持,但必须与内容语言结合使用,后者是Agent交互的语法支持。JADE支持的三种内容语言包括:FIPA-SL类似lisp的语言族;Leap-encoding应用于嵌入式开发;JavaCodec,JADE特定的内容语言。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tufujie/p/5135650.html