Java(异常处理)动手动脑

1>请阅读并运行AboutException.java示例,然后通过后面的几页PPT了解Java中实现异常处理的基础知识。

import javax.swing.*;

class AboutException {
   public static void main(String[] a) 
   {
      float i=1, j=0, k;
      k=i/j;
      System.out.println(k); 
    try
    {
        
        k = i/j;    // Causes division-by-zero exception
        //throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!");
    }
    
    catch ( ArithmeticException e)
    {
        System.out.println("被0除.  "+ e.getMessage());
    }
    
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        if (e instanceof ArithmeticException)
            System.out.println("被0除");
        else
        {  
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            
        }
    }
    
    finally
     {
             JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK");
     }
        
  }
}

异常处理:Java中异常捕获语句

try{用于监控可能发生错误的语句}

catch(异常类型 异常对象引用)

{ 用于捕获并处理异常的代码 }

finally

{ //用于“善后” 的代码 }

不管是否有异常发生,finally语句块中的语句始终保证被执行。

2>阅读以下代码(CatchWho.java),写出程序运行结果:

public class CatchWho { 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        try { 
                try { 
                    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); 
                } 
                catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { 
                       System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" +  "/内层try-catch"); 
                }
 
            throw new ArithmeticException(); 
        } 
        catch(ArithmeticException e) { 
            System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException"); 
        } 
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { 
           System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch"); 
        } 
    } 
}

运行结果:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/内层try-catch
发生ArithmeticException

结果分析:当内层捕获异常并处理后,外层则不再捕获该异常。

3>写出CatchWho2.java程序运行的结果

public class CatchWho2 { 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        try {
                try { 
                    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); 
                } 
                catch(ArithmeticException e) { 
                    System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch"); 
                }
            throw new ArithmeticException(); 
        } 
        catch(ArithmeticException e) { 
            System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException"); 
        } 
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { 
            System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch"); 
        } 
    } 
}

运行结果:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/外层try-catch

结果分析:当异常未被处理时无法接受新的异常。

4>请先阅读 EmbedFinally.java示例,再运行它,观察其输出并进行总结。

public class EmbededFinally {
    public static void main(String args[]) {       
        int result;       
        try {           
            System.out.println("in Level 1");
             try {                
                System.out.println("in Level 2");
                //result=100/0;  //Level 2               
                 try {                  
                     System.out.println("in Level 3");                      
                     result=100/0;  //Level 3                
                }                 
                catch (Exception e) {                    
                    System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());                
                }                         
                finally {                   
                    System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");               
                }      
                // result=100/0;  //Level 2      
                }            
            catch (Exception e) {
               
                 System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());           
             }
             finally {               
                System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");           
             }             
            // result = 100 / 0;  //level 1        
        }     
        catch (Exception e) {
            
            System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());
        
        }
        finally {
           
             System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");
        
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

结果分析:当外层异常未被处理时,内层异常不会被处理并且finally也不会执行,当有多层嵌套的finally语句时,异常在不同层次不同位置抛出时,也会导致不同的finally语句块执行顺序。

5>finally语句块一定会执行吗?

请通过 SystemExitAndFinally.java示例程序回答上述问题

public class SystemExitAndFinally { 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {    
        try{         
            System.out.println("in main");
            
            throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");

                    //System.exit(0);       
        }     
        catch(Exception e)
            {            
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            
            System.exit(0);
        
        }       
        finally      
        {          
            System.out.println("in finally");      
        }  
    }
}

运行结果:

System.exit(0);

//System.exit(0);    

运行结果:首先只有与finally对应的try语句得到执行的情况下finally语句才会执行,但如果finally语句之前出现例如System.exit(0) 等使Java虚拟机停止运行的语句时finally语句也不会被执行。

6>编写一个程序,此程序在运行时要求用户输入一个 整数,代表某门课的考试成绩,程序接着给出“不及格”、“及格”、“中”、“良”、“优”的结论。

import java.util.Scanner;
class MyException extends Exception
{
    MyException(String str)
    {
        super(str);
    }
}
class GradeTest{
    private double grade;
    public void InputGrade(String s)
    {
        boolean flag = true;
        try
        {
            for(int i = 0;i<s.length();i++)
            {
                if((s.charAt(i) < '0' || s.charAt(i) > '9')&& s.charAt(i) != '.')
                    flag = false;
            }
            if(!flag)
            {
                throw new MyException("请输入数字!");
            }
            try{
                grade = Double.parseDouble(s);
                if(grade < 0.0 || grade > 100.0)
                {
                    throw new MyException("请输入0.0到100.0的数据!");
                }
                if(grade < 60.0)
                    System.out.println("不及格");
                else if(grade <70.0)
                    System.out.println("及格");
                else if(grade < 80.0)
                    System.out.println("中");
                else if(grade < 90.0)
                    System.out.println("良");
                else
                    System.out.println("优");
            }
            catch(MyException e)
            {
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        catch(MyException e)
        {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}
public class Grade {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        GradeTest G = new GradeTest();
        System.out.println("请输入成绩:");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        G.InputGrade(str);
        in.close();
    }

}

运行结果:

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ttzz/p/6099414.html