python添加图片验证码

1.创建验证码模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter

_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy"  # 小写字母，去除可能干扰的i，l，o，z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper()  # 大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(3, 10)))  # 数字
init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))


def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),
                         chars=init_chars,
                         img_type="GIF",
                         mode="RGB",
                         bg_color=(255, 255, 255),
                         fg_color=(0, 0, 255),
                         font_size=18,
                         font_type="Monaco.ttf",
                         length=4,
                         draw_lines=True,
                         n_line=(1, 2),
                         draw_points=True,
                         point_chance=2):
    """
    @todo: 生成验证码图片
    @param size: 图片的大小，格式（宽，高），默认为(120, 30)
    @param chars: 允许的字符集合，格式字符串
    @param img_type: 图片保存的格式，默认为GIF，可选的为GIF，JPEG，TIFF，PNG
    @param mode: 图片模式，默认为RGB
    @param bg_color: 背景颜色，默认为白色
    @param fg_color: 前景色，验证码字符颜色，默认为蓝色#0000FF
    @param font_size: 验证码字体大小
    @param font_type: 验证码字体，默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf
    @param length: 验证码字符个数
    @param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线
    @param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围，格式元组，默认为(1, 2)，只有draw_lines为True时有效
    @param draw_points: 是否画干扰点
    @param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率，大小范围[0, 100]
    @return: [0]: PIL Image实例
    @return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串
    """

    width, height = size  # 宽高
    # 创建图形
    img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color)
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)  # 创建画笔

    def get_chars():
        """生成给定长度的字符串，返回列表格式"""
        return random.sample(chars, length)

    def create_lines():
        """绘制干扰线"""
        line_num = random.randint(*n_line)  # 干扰线条数

        for i in range(line_num):
            # 起始点
            begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            # 结束点
            end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_points():
        """绘制干扰点"""
        chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance)))  # 大小限制在[0, 100]

        for w in range(width):
            for h in range(height):
                tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
                if tmp > 100 - chance:
                    draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_strs():
        """绘制验证码字符"""
        c_chars = get_chars()
        strs = ' %s ' % ' '.join(c_chars)  # 每个字符前后以空格隔开

        font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
        font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs)

        draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
                  strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)

        return ''.join(c_chars)

    if draw_lines:
        create_lines()
    if draw_points:
        create_points()
    strs = create_strs()

    # 图形扭曲参数
    params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
              0,
              0,
              0,
              1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
              0.001,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
              ]
    img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params)  # 创建扭曲

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)  # 滤镜，边界加强（阈值更大）

    return img, strs

check_code.py

2.前端

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .form{
            height: 200px;
            width: 400px;
            border: 1px solid gray;
            top: 40%;
            left: 50%;
            position: absolute;
            margin-left: -200px;
            margin-top: -100px;
        }
        .c1{
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
        .f1{
            width: 100px;
            height: 200px;
            position: relative;
            top: 40%;
            left: 50%;
            margin-left: -75px;
            margin-top: -90px;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="form">
        <form class="f1" action="/login/" method="post">
            <p><input class="" type="text" PLACEHOLDER="用户名"></p>
            <p><input class="" type="password" placeholder="密码"></p>
            <p><input type="text" name="check_code" placeholder="验证码"><img src="/check_code.html"></p>
            <p><button>提交</button></p>
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

3.views函数

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app01 import models
from io import BytesIO
from .check_code import create_validate_code

def login(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        code = request.POST.get('check_code')
        if code.upper() == request.session['CheckCode'].upper():
            print('验证码正确')
        else:
            print('验证码错误')
    return render(request, 'login.html')

def check_code(request):
    """
    验证码
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    # stream = BytesIO()
    # img, code = create_validate_code()
    # img.save(stream, 'PNG')
    # request.session['CheckCode'] = code
    # return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())

    # data = open('static/imgs/avatar/20130809170025.png','rb').read()
    # return HttpResponse(data)

    # 1. 创建一张图片 pip3 install Pillow
    # 2. 在图片中写入随机字符串
    # obj = object()
    # 3. 将图片写入到制定文件
    # 4. 打开制定目录文件，读取内容
    # 5. HttpResponse(data)

    stream = BytesIO()
    img, code = create_validate_code()
    img.save(stream,'PNG')
    request.session['CheckCode'] = code
    return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())

View Code

4.url路由

urlpatterns = [
    path('login/', views.login),
    path('check_code.html', views.check_code),
]

View Code