VIM配置

Linux下的编辑器以vim和emacs为主流，一个编辑器之神，一个是神的编辑器。

本文以主要介绍如何在linux下以vim为基础搭建一个比较顺手的代码编辑器。

有两种比较流行的方式：

自动安装
手动安装

自动安装

　　这种是方法是比较省事的方法，只要一个.vimrc配置文件就可以搞定所有的事情，一次配好即可。以后只要有这个配置文件，就可以走遍天下。
这种方式需要使用一个VIM插件管理工具来自动管理VIM插件的安装与卸载，笔者使用的Vundle来管理VIM插件，Vundle的全称是Vim Bundle，它是一款Vim插件管理工具。Vundle让你可以非常轻松地安装、更新、搜索和清理Vim插件。它还能管理你的运行时环境，并帮助标记。

- 可以在Github上下载Vundle： https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim

下载完成后，解压到用户根目录的.vim目录下即可

- 在终端（命令行）中使用git clone获取： git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

clone完成后，会在用户根目录下多出来一个bundle目录，此时Vundle已经安装完成。安装好Vundle以后，就可以根据自己的需要安装插件了。Vundle提供了几种不同的插件安装方式，一般我们用到的插件在github都可以找到，因此最常用的一般就是直接找github上插件对应的仓名，添加到.vimrc中即可。然后打开vim，执行:PluginInstall命令，即可自动安装，等待Vundle执行完下载安装操作后，就可以开始享受VIM了。

笔者的.vimrc文件配置如下：

  1 "===============================================================================================
  2 set nocompatible " be iMproved, required
  3 filetype off " required
  4 
  5 " set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
  6 set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
  7 call vundle#begin()
  8 " alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
  9 "call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')
 10 
 11 " let Vundle manage Vundle, required
 12 Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
 13 
 14 " The following are examples of different formats supported.
 15 " Keep Plugin commands between vundle#begin/end.
 16 " plugin on GitHub repo
 17 Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
 18 
 19 " plugin from http://vim-scripts.org/vim/scripts.html
 20 Plugin 'L9'
 21 
 22 " Git plugin not hosted on GitHub
 23 "Plugin 'git://git.wincent.com/command-t.git'
 24 
 25 " git repos on your local machine (i.e. when working on your own plugin)
 26 "Plugin 'file:///home/gmarik/path/to/plugin'
 27 
 28 " The sparkup vim script is in a subdirectory of this repo called vim.
 29 " Pass the path to set the runtimepath properly.
 30 "Plugin 'rstacruz/sparkup', {'rtp': 'vim/'}
 31 
 32 " Install L9 and avoid a Naming conflict if you've already installed a
 33 " different version somewhere else.
 34 "Plugin 'ascenator/L9', {'name': 'newL9'}
 35 
 36 " All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
 37 
 38 "============================ my plugins start =============================
 39 Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
 40 Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
 41 Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
 42 Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
 43 Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
 44 Plugin 'tacahiroy/ctrlp-funky'
 45 Plugin 'jlanzarotta/bufexplorer'
 46 Plugin 'easymotion/vim-easymotion'
 47 Plugin 'haya14busa/incsearch.vim'
 48 Plugin 'dkprice/vim-easygrep'
 49 Plugin 'dyng/ctrlsf.vim'
 50 Plugin 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
 51 Plugin 'hfts/Porsche'
 52 Plugin 'vim-scripts/OmniCppComplete'
 53 Plugin 'vim-scripts/AutoComplPop'
 54 Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
 55 
 56 "============================ my plugins end ===============================
 57 
 58 call vundle#end() " required
 59 filetype plugin indent on " required
 60 " To ignore plugin indent changes, instead use:
 61 "filetype plugin on
 62 "
 63 " Brief help
 64 " :PluginList - lists configured plugins
 65 " :PluginInstall - installs plugins; append `!` to update or just :PluginUpdate
 66 " :PluginSearch foo - searches for foo; append `!` to refresh local cache
 67 " :PluginClean - confirms removal of unused plugins; append `!` to auto-approve removal
 68 "
 69 " see :h vundle for more details or wiki for FAQ
 70 " Put your non-Plugin stuff after this line
 71 
 72 "========== for vim ==============
 73 syntax enable " 开启语法高亮
 74 set t_Co=256 " 开启256色显示
 75 set scrolloff=3 " 滚动时保持边距5行
 76 set number " 开启行号显示
 77 set mouse=a " 开启鼠标
 78 set cmdheight=1
 79 set nocompatible
 80 set confirm " 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候，弹出确认
 81 set autoindent    " 自动缩进
 82 set tabstop=4    " Tab键的宽度
 83 set expandtab " 展开tab为空格
 84 set softtabstop=4    " 统一缩进为4
 85 set shiftwidth=4
 86 filetype plugin indent on "打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
 87 set completeopt=longest,menu
 88 set hlsearch " 高亮搜索
 89 set laststatus=1 " 始终显示状态栏
 90 set encoding=utf-8 " 
 91 set ignorecase " 搜索忽略大小写
 92 set nopaste " 切换到正常模式
 93 set list lcs=tab:¦ " 显示对齐线 | ¦ ┆ │
 94 
 95 colorscheme Porsche
 96 
 97 set cursorline
 98 "hi cursorline cterm=none term=none
 99 "autocmd WinEnter * setlocal cursorline
100 "autocmd WinLeave * setlocal nocursorline
101 "highlight CursorLine guibg=#30F010 ctermbg=189
102 
103 "自动补全
104 :inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
105 :inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
106 :inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
107 :inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
108 :inoremap [ []<ESC>i
109 :inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
110 :inoremap " ""<ESC>i
111 :inoremap ' ''<ESC>i
112 function! ClosePair(char)
113 if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char
114 return "<Right>"
115 else
116 return a:char
117 endif
118 endfunction"
119 
120 "========== for quick key =======
121 " F11默认时全屏
122 nmap <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<cr>
123 nmap <F3> :TagbarToggle<CR>
124 nmap <F4> :ToggleBufExplorer<cr>
125 nmap <F5> :CtrlPFunky<cr>
126 nmap <F10> :set paste<cr> " 切换到粘贴模式
127 nmap <F12> :source ~/.vimrc<cr>
128 nmap <silent> <leader>ll :colorscheme Porsche<cr>
129 nmap <silent> <leader>jj :colorscheme space-vim-dark<cr>
130 nmap <silent> <leader>nm :set nonumber<cr>
131 nmap <silent> <leader>mn :set number<cr>
132 nmap <silent> <leader>ag :Ag<cr>
133 nmap <silent> <leader>ff ::shell<cr>
134 
135 "========== for NERDTree ==============
136 "let g:NERDTree_title='NERD Tree'
137 "let g:winManagerWindowLayout='NERDTree|TagList,Tarbar'
138 autocmd vimenter * NERDTree
139 nmap wm :NERDTreeToggle<cr>
140 autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTree") ) | q | endif
141 function! NERDTree_Start()
142 exec 'NERDTree'
143 endfunction
144 function! NERDTree_IsValid()
145 return 1
146 endfunction
147 nmap <silent> mt :if IsWinManagerVisible() <BAR> WMToggle<CR> <BAR> else <BAR> WMToggle<CR>:q<CR> endif "<CR>
148 
149 "========== for CtrlP ===================
150 let g:ctrlp_map = '<c-p>'
151 let g:ctrlp_cmd = 'CtrlP'
152 let g:ctrlp_working_path_mode = 'r'
153 let g:ctrlp_match_window = 'bottom,order:ttb,min:1,max:15,results:100'
154 let g:ctrlp_tabpage_position = 'al'
155 let g:ctrlp_working_path_mode = 'r'
156 let g:ctrlp_reuse_window = 'netrw|help|quickfix'
157 let g:ctrlp_open_new_file = 't'
158 let g:ctrlp_open_multiple_files = 'tjr'
159 let g:ctrlp_arg_map = 1
160 let g:ctrlp_extensions = ['tag', 'buffertag', 'quickfix', 'dir', 'rtscript',
161  'undo', 'line', 'changes', 'mixed', 'bookmarkdir']
162 set wildignore+=*/tmp/*,*.so,*.swp,*.zip,*.png,*.jpg,*.jpeg,*.gif " MacOSX/Linux
163 let g:ctrlp_custom_ignore = 'v[/].(git|hg|svn)$'
164 
165 if executable('ag')
166 " Use Ag over Grep
167 set grepprg=ag --nogroup --nocolor
168 " Use ag in CtrlP for listing files.
169 let g:ctrlp_user_command = 'ag %s -l --nocolor -g ""'
170 " Ag is fast enough that CtrlP doesn't need to cache
171 let g:ctrlp_use_caching = 0
172 endif
173 
174 "========== for CtrlPFunky ==============
175 nnoremap <Leader>u :execute 'CtrlPFunky ' . expand('<cword>')<Cr>
176 let g:ctrlp_extensions = ['funky']
177 let g:ctrlp_funky_syntax_highlight = 1 
178 let g:ctrlp_funky_matchtype = 'path'
179 let g:ctrlp_funky_nerdtree_include_files = 1
180 
181 "========== for vim-airline ==============
182 let g:airline_theme="light" "light 
183 let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1 
184 let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_sep = ' '
185 let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_alt_sep = '|'
186 
187 "========== for EasyMotion ==============
188 " <Leader>f{char} to move to {char}
189 map <Leader>f <Plug>(easymotion-bd-f)
190 nmap <Leader>f <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-f)
191 " s{char}{char} to move to {char}{char}
192 nmap s <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-f2)
193 " Move to line
194 map <Leader>L <Plug>(easymotion-bd-jk)
195 nmap <Leader>L <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-line)
196 " Move to word
197 map <Leader>w <Plug>(easymotion-bd-w)
198 nmap <Leader>w <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-w)
199 
200 "========== for insearch ==============
201 map / <Plug>(incsearch-forward)
202 map ? <Plug>(incsearch-backward)
203 map g/ <Plug>(incsearch-stay)
204 nnoremap <Esc><Esc> :<C-u>nohlsearch<CR>
205 "set incsearch
206 set hlsearch
207 let g:incsearch#auto_nohlsearch = 0
208 map n <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-n)
209 map N <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-N)
210 map * <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-*)
211 map # <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-#)
212 map g* <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-g*)
213 map g# <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-g#)
214 
215 "=========== for NERDTREE-GIT-PLUGIN =====
216 let g:NERDTreeIndicatorMapCustom = {
217  "Modified" : "✹",
218  "Staged" : "✚",
219  "Untracked" : "✭",
220  "Renamed" : "➜",
221  "Unmerged" : "═",
222  "Deleted" : "✖",
223  "Dirty" : "✗",
224  "Clean" : "✔︎",
225  "Unknown" : "?"
226  }
227 
228 "=========== cscope ===============
229 if has("cscope")
230 set csprg=/usr/local/bin/cscope
231 set csto=0
232 set cst
233 set nocsverb
234 " add any database in current directory
235 if filereadable("cscope.out")
236 cs add cscope.out
237 " else add database pointed to by environment
238 elseif $CSCOPE_DB != ""
239 cs add $CSCOPE_DB
240 endif
241 set csverb
242 endif
243 nmap <C->s :cs find s <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
244 nmap <C->g :cs find g <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
245 nmap <C->c :cs find c <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
246 nmap <C->t :cs find t <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
247 nmap <C->e :cs find e <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
248 nmap <C->f :cs find f <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<CR><CR>
249 nmap <C->i :cs find i ^<C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<CR>$<CR>
250 nmap <C->d :cs find d <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
251 
252 "=========== omnicppcomplete ===============
253 let OmniCpp_GlobalScopeSearch = 1
254 let OmniCpp_NamespaceSearch = 2
255 let OmniCpp_DisplayMode = 1
256 let OmniCpp_ShowScopeInAbbr = 1
257 let OmniCpp_ShowPrototypeInAbbr = 1
258 let OmniCpp_ShowAccess = 1
259 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteDot = 1
260 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteArrow = 1
261 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope = 1
262 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope = 1
263 let OmniCpp_SelectFirstItem = 1
264 let OmniCpp_DefaultNamespace=["std"]
265 let OmniCpp_SelectFirstItem = 2
266 
267 "===============NERD Commenter=========================
268 let g:NERDSpaceDelims = 1 " Add spaces after comment delimiters by default
269 let g:NERDCompactSexyComs = 1 " Use compact syntax for prettified multi-line comments
270 let g:NERDDefaultAlign = 'left' " Align line-wise comment delimiters flush left instead of following code indentation
271 let g:NERDAltDelims_java = 1 " Set a language to use its alternate delimiters by default
272 let g:NERDCustomDelimiters = { 'c': { 'left': '/**','right': '*/' } } " Add your own custom formats or override the defaults
273 let g:NERDCommentEmptyLines = 1 " Allow commenting and inverting empty lines (useful when commenting a region)
274 let g:NERDTrimTrailingWhitespace = 1 " Enable trimming of trailing whitespace when uncommenting
275 "===============================================================================================

View Code

手动安装

手动安装，当然是要自己一个一个地安装插件了。这种方式的特点是需要自己一个一下下载vim插件，然后手动进行安装。虽然比较费事，但如果之前有vim插件安装包的备份文件，那就可以不依赖于网络。所以还是推荐在自己的本地留一份常用插件的安装包备份。手动安装的过程比较简单，基本上就是“下载-解压”，先从网卡下载好插件的压缩包，一般来说直接解压到.vim目录中即可。

笔者常用的几个插件如下，一般都可以在github上找到，其实从上面的配置文件中就可以找到笔者使用了哪些vim插件。
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plugin 'tacahiroy/ctrlp-funky'
Plugin 'jlanzarotta/bufexplorer'
Plugin 'easymotion/vim-easymotion'
Plugin 'haya14busa/incsearch.vim'
Plugin 'dkprice/vim-easygrep'
Plugin 'dyng/ctrlsf.vim'
Plugin 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
Plugin 'hfts/Porsche'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/OmniCppComplete'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/AutoComplPop'
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'

最后，附上笔者vim的两张截图：