（1）基础笔试命令考察
1.开启MySQL服务
/etc/init.d/mysqld start service mysqld start systemctl start mysqld
2.检测端口是否运行
lsof -i :3306 netstat -lntup |grep 3306
3.为MySQL设置密码或者修改密码
设置密码
mysql -uroot -ppassword -e "set passowrd for root = passowrd('passowrd')"
mysqladmin -uroot passowrd "NEWPASSWORD"
更改密码
mysqladmin -uroot passowrd oldpassowrd "NEWPASSWORD"
use mysql;
update user set passowrd = PASSWORD('newpassword') where user = 'root';flush privileges;
msyql 5.7以上版本修改默认密码命令 alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root'
4.登陆MySQL数据库
mysql -uroot -ppassword
5.查看当前数据库的字符集
show create database DB_NAME;
6.查看当前数据库版本
mysql -V mysql -uroot -ppassowrd -e "use mysql;select version();"
7.查看当前登录的用户
select user();
8.创建GBK字符集的数据库mingongge，并查看已建库完整语句
create database mingongge DEFAULT CHARSET GBK COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci; #查看创建的库 show create database mingongge;
9.创建用户mingongge，使之可以管理数据库mingongge
grant all on mingongge.* to 'mingongge'@'localhost' identified by 'mingongge';
10.查看创建的用户mingongge拥有哪些权限
show grants for mingongge@localhost
11.查看当前数据库里有哪些用户
select user from mysql.user;
12.进入mingongge数据库
use mingongge
13.创建一innodb GBK表test，字段id int(4)和name varchar(16)
create table test (
id int(4),
name varchar(16)
)ENGINE=innodb DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;
14.查看建表结构及表结构的SQL语句
desc test; show create table testG
15.插入一条数据“1,mingongge”
insert into test values('1','mingongge');
16.再批量插入2行数据 “2,民工哥”，“3,mingonggeedu”
insert into test values('2','民工哥'),('3','mingonggeedu');
17.查询名字为mingongge的记录
select * from test where name = 'mingongge';
18.把数据id等于1的名字mingongge更改为mgg
update test set name = 'mgg' where id = '1';
19.在字段name前插入age字段，类型tinyint(2)
alter table test add age tinyint(2) after id;
20.不退出数据库,完成备份mingongge数据库
system mysqldump -uroot -pMgg123.0. -B mingongge >/root/mingongge_bak.sql
21.删除test表中的所有数据，并查看
delete from test; select * from test;
22.删除表test和mingongge数据库并查看
drop table test; show tables; drop database mingongge; show databases;
23.不退出数据库恢复以上删除的数据
system mysql -uroot -pMgg123.0. </root/mingongge_bak.sql
24.把库表的GBK字符集修改为UTF8
alter database mingongge default character set utf8; alter table test default character set utf8;
25.把id列设置为主键，在Name字段上创建普通索引
alter table test add primary key(id); create index mggindex on test(name(16));
26.在字段name后插入手机号字段(shouji)，类型char(11)
alter table test add shouji char(11); #默认就是在最后一列后面插入新增列
27.所有字段上插入2条记录（自行设定数据）
insert into test values('4','23','li','13700000001'),('5','26','zhao','13710000001');
28.在手机字段上对前8个字符创建普通索引
create index SJ on test(shouji(8));
29.查看创建的索引及索引类型等信息
show index from test; show create table testG #下面的命令也可以查看索引类型 show keys from testG
30.删除Name，shouji列的索引
drop index SJ on test; drop index mggindex on test;
31.对Name列的前6个字符以及手机列的前8个字符组建联合索引
create index lianhe on test(name(6),shouji(8));
32.查询手机号以137开头的，名字为zhao的记录（提前插入）
select * from test where shouji like '137%' and name = 'zhao';
33.查询上述语句的执行计划（是否使用联合索引等）
explain select * from test where name = 'zhao' and shouji like '137%'G
34.把test表的引擎改成MyISAM
alter table test engine=MyISAM;
35.收回mingongge用户的select权限
revoke select on mingongge.* from mingongge@localhost;
36.删除mingongge用户
drop user migongge@localhost;
37.删除mingongge数据库
drop database mingongge
38.使用mysqladmin关闭数据库
mysqladmin -uroot -pMgg123.0. shutdown lsof -i :3306
39.MySQL密码丢了，请找回？
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & #启动数据库服务
mysql -uroot -ppassowrd -e "use mysql;update user set passowrd = PASSWORD('newpassword') where user = 'root';flush privileges;"