二叉树前中后序遍历递归法&迭代法

1.1. 前序遍历--递归
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        // 递归
        vector<int> ans;
        preTravel(root, ans);
        return ans;
    }
    void preTravel(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& ans){
        if(root == nullptr) return;
        ans.push_back(root->val);           // 根
        preTravel(root->left, ans);         // 左
        preTravel(root->right, ans);        // 右
    }
};
 
1.2. 前序遍历--迭代
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        // 迭代
        vector<int> ans;
        if(root == nullptr) return ans;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        st.push(root);
        while(!st.empty()){
            TreeNode* cur = st.top();    
            st.pop();
            ans.push_back(cur->val);                            // 根
            if(cur->right != nullptr) st.push(cur->right);      // 右
            if(cur->left != nullptr) st.push(cur->left);        // 左    栈:先进后出,最后遍历结果是 根->左->右
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

  

 
2.1. 中序遍历--递归
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> ans;
        inTravel(root, ans);
        return ans;
    }
    void inTravel(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& ans){
        if(root == nullptr) return;  
        inTravel(root->left, ans);               // 左
        ans.push_back(root->val);                // 根
        inTravel(root->right, ans);              // 右
    }
};
 
2.2. 中序遍历--迭代
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> ans;
        if(root == nullptr) return ans;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        TreeNode* cur = root;
        while(cur != nullptr || !st.empty()){
            while(cur != nullptr){
                st.push(cur);
                cur = cur->left;
            }
            cur = st.top();
            st.pop();
            ans.push_back(cur->val);
            cur = cur->right;
        }
        return ans;
    }
};
 
 
3.1. 后序遍历--递归
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> ans;
        postTravel(root, ans);
        return ans;
    }
    void postTravel(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& ans){
        if(root == nullptr) return;
        postTravel(root->left, ans);         // 左
        postTravel(root->right, ans);        // 右
        ans.push_back(root->val);            // 根
    }
};
 
3.2. 后序遍历--迭代
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> ans;
        if(root == nullptr) return ans;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        st.push(root);
        while(!st.empty()){
            TreeNode* cur = st.top();  
            st.pop();
            ans.push_back(cur->val);                    // 根
            if(cur->left != nullptr) st.push(cur->left);        // 左
            if(cur->right != nullptr) st.push(cur->right);       // 右, 栈:先进后出,根->右->左
        }
        reverse(ans.begin(), ans.end());                  // 左->右->根
        return ans; 
    }
};

  

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tristatl/p/14825858.html