Spring积累

<tx:annotation-driven/>  （Spring的XML配置里两大Bean的声明之一）

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那我们是否就可以在程序中所有被spring管理的类(@Controller、@Service、@Component等等)上都可以使用@Transactional注解了呢，在Service上可以使用@Transactional 注解这个是肯定的了，那总有些人也想弄明白能否在Controller 使用？答案显然是“不一定”的（与时间配置有关），下面做下解释：

在 spring-framework-reference.pdf 文档上有这样一段话：

<tx:annotation-driven/> only looks for @Transactional on beans in the same application context it is defined in. This means that, if you put <tx:annotation-driven/> in a WebApplicationContext for a DispatcherServlet, it only checks for @Transactional beans in your controllers, and not your services. 

意思就是：<tx:annoation-driven/>只会查找和它在相同的应用上下文件中定义的bean上面的@Transactional注解，如果你把它放在Dispatcher的应用上下文中，它只检查控制器（Controller）上的@Transactional注解，而不是你services上的@Transactional注解。

Bean初始化

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总结：

1、Spring为bean提供了两种初始化bean的方式，实现InitializingBean接口，实现afterPropertiesSet方法，或者在配置文件中通过init-method指定，两种方式可以同时使用。

2、实现InitializingBean接口是直接调用afterPropertiesSet方法，比通过反射调用init-method指定的方法效率要高一点，但是init-method方式消除了对spring的依赖。

3、如果调用afterPropertiesSet方法时出错，则不调用init-method指定的方法。

后置处理器：

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BeanPostProcessor API

public interface BeanPostProcessor {  
  
    /** 
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean 
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet} 
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.    
     */  
    //实例化、依赖注入完毕，在调用显示的初始化之前完成一些定制的初始化任务  
    Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;  
  
      
    /** 
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean 
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}   
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.       
     */  
    //实例化、依赖注入、初始化完毕时执行  
    Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;  
  
}

由API可以看出:
1：后置处理器的postProcessorBeforeInitailization方法是在bean实例化，依赖注入之后及自定义初始化方法(例如：配置文件中bean标签添加init-method属性指定Java类中初始化方法、
@PostConstruct注解指定初始化方法，Java类实现InitailztingBean接口)之前调用
2：后置处理器的postProcessorAfterInitailization方法是在bean实例化、依赖注入及自定义初始化方法之后调用

注意：
   1.BeanFactory和ApplicationContext两个容器对待bean的后置处理器稍微有些不同。ApplicationContext容器会自动检测Spring配置文件中那些bean所对应的Java类实现了BeanPostProcessor
接口，并自动把它们注册为后置处理器。在创建bean过程中调用它们，所以部署一个后置处理器跟普通的bean没有什么太大区别。

      2.BeanFactory容器注册bean后置处理器时必须通过代码显示的注册，在IoC容器继承体系中的ConfigurableBeanFactory接口中定义了注册方法

注意：
   1.BeanFactory和ApplicationContext两个容器对待bean的后置处理器稍微有些不同。ApplicationContext容器会自动检测Spring配置文件中那些bean所对应的Java类实现了BeanPostProcessor
接口，并自动把它们注册为后置处理器。在创建bean过程中调用它们，所以部署一个后置处理器跟普通的bean没有什么太大区别。

      2.BeanFactory容器注册bean后置处理器时必须通过代码显示的注册，在IoC容器继承体系中的ConfigurableBeanFactory接口中定义了注册方法

/**  
     * Add a new BeanPostProcessor that will get applied to beans created  
     * by this factory. To be invoked during factory configuration.  
     * <p>Note: Post-processors submitted here will be applied in the order of  
     * registration; any ordering semantics expressed through implementing the  
     * {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered} interface will be ignored. Note  
     * that autodetected post-processors (e.g. as beans in an ApplicationContext)  
     * will always be applied after programmatically registered ones.  
     * @param beanPostProcessor the post-processor to register  
     */    
    void addBeanPostProcessor(BeanPostProcessor beanPostProcessor);

 Spring如何调用多个BeanPostProcessor实现类：

    我们可以在Spring配置文件中添加多个BeanPostProcessor(后置处理器)接口实现类，在默认情况下Spring容器会根据后置处理器的定义顺序来依次调用。

Spring配置文件：

 xml版本

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!-- bean定义 -->    
    <bean id="narCodeService" class="com.test.service.impl.NarCodeServiceImpl">
    </bean>
    <bean id="postProcessor" class="com.test.spring.PostProcessor"/>
    <bean id="postProcessorB" class="com.test.spring.PostProcessorB"/>
</beans>

BeanPostProcessor实现类：

package com.test.spring;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
/**
 * bean后置处理器
 * @author zss
 *
 */
public class PostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】开始");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】完毕!");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
package com.test.spring;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;

public class PostProcessorB implements BeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器开始调用了");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器调用结束了");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

测试：

package com.test.spring;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class T {
    AbstractApplicationContext applicationcontext=null;
    @Before
    public void before() {
        System.out.println("》》》Spring ApplicationContext容器开始初始化了......");
        applicationcontext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"test1-service.xml"});
        System.out.println("》》》Spring ApplicationContext容器初始化完毕了......");
    }
    @Test
    public void  test() {
        applicationcontext.registerShutdownHook();   
    }
}

  在Spring机制中可以指定后置处理器调用顺序，通过让BeanPostProcessor接口实现类实现Ordered接口getOrder方法，该方法返回一整数，默认值为 0，优先级最高，值越大优先级越低

package com.test.spring;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
/**
 * bean后置处理器
 * @author zss
 *
 */
public class PostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered{

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】开始");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】完毕!");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 1;
    }
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
package com.test.spring;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;

public class PostProcessorB implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器开始调用了");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,
            String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("后置处理器调用结束了");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

测试结果：