Unity：API总结

 1. 移动

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed;

    void Update()
    {
        float hor = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float ver = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        transform.Translate(new Vector3(hor, 0, ver) * Time.deltaTime * speed);

        //按世界坐标系移动
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
            transform.position += Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * speed;
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
            transform.position += Vector3.back * Time.deltaTime * speed;
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
            transform.position += Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime * speed;
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
            transform.position += Vector3.right * Time.deltaTime * speed;


        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * speed, Space.World);
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.back * Time.deltaTime * speed, Space.World);
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime * speed, Space.World);
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.right * Time.deltaTime * speed, Space.World);


        //按自身坐标系移动
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
            transform.position += transform.forward * Time.deltaTime * speed;
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
            transform.position += -transform.forward * Time.deltaTime * speed;
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
            transform.position += -transform.right * Time.deltaTime * speed;
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
            transform.position += transform.right * Time.deltaTime * speed;

        //默认Space.Self,按自身坐标系移动
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * speed);
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.back * Time.deltaTime * speed);
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime * speed);
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
            transform.Translate(Vector3.right * Time.deltaTime * speed);
    }
}

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float force;
    Rigidbody rd;
    private void Start()
    {
        rd = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
    }

    void Update()
    {
        float hor = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float ver = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        Vector3 direction = new Vector3(hor, 0, ver);
        rd.AddForce(direction * force);
        rd.velocity = direction * force;
        rd.MovePosition(transform.position + direction);
    }
}

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed;
    CharacterController cc;
    private void Start()
    {
        cc = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
    }
    void Update()
    {
        float hor = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float ver = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        cc.Move(new Vector3(hor, 0, ver) * Time.deltaTime * speed);   //不受重力影响，返回值是枚举值表示碰撞信息
        cc.SimpleMove(new Vector3(hor, 0, ver) * Time.deltaTime * speed);  //受重力影响，返回值是布尔值表示角色是否着地
    }
}

 2.看向目标并向目标移动(插值运算)

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed;
    private GameObject target;
    private void Start()
    {
        target = GameObject.FindWithTag("Monster");
    }
    void Update()
    {
        //1.看向目标
        transform.LookAt(target.transform);
        //2.向目标移动
        //插值运算 返回值=to*t+(1-t)*from 会一直运算下去，要设置一个结束点
        float dis = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, target.transform.position);
        if (dis > 1)
            transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(transform.position, target.transform.position, Time.deltaTime*speed);
    }
}

 3.旋转

欧拉角：有万向节锁问题,但可以旋转大于180度,x与z沿着自身坐标系旋转,y沿着世界坐标系旋转

四元数：没有万向节锁问题，但不能超过180度旋转

transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(90, 0, 0);   //欧拉角直接赋值
transform.rotation *= Quaternion.Euler(30,60,90);  //四元数转欧拉角
transform.Rotate(transform.up, Time.deltaTime * speed);  //绕自身y轴自转
transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, Vector3.up, Time.deltaTime * speed);   //绕原点的y轴公转

3.1 看向目标

Vector3 dir = enemy.position - player.position;
dir.y = 0;  //锁定y轴
player.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(dir);

player.LookAt(enemy);  //没有锁定y轴，要避免人物向下看得保持y轴高度一致

3.2 用插值平滑的旋转

        Vector3 dir = enemy.position - player.position;
        dir.y = 0; 
        Quaternion target = Quaternion.LookRotation(dir);
        player.rotation = Quaternion.Slerp(player.rotation, target, Time.deltaTime*speed);

3.3 按住鼠标右键调整视角

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    GameObject cam;

    private void Start()
    {
        cam = GameObject.Find("Main Camera");
    }
    void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetMouseButton(1)) 
        {
            float mouseX = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X");  //鼠标左右移动
            float mouseY = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");  //鼠标上下移动
            
            cam.transform.rotation *= Quaternion.Euler(new Vector3(0, mouseX, 0));  
            cam.transform.rotation *= Quaternion.Euler(new Vector3(-mouseY, 0, 0));
            //或
            cam.transform.Rotate(0,mouseX,0);
            cam.transform.Rotate(-mouseY, 0, 0);
        }

    }
}

4.获取输入

public static float GetAxis(string axisName);

axisName列表可以在【Edit-ProjectSettings-Input】里查看

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float jumpSpeed;
    public float moveSpeed;
    public GameObject cam;
    public float zoomSpeed; 
    void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))  //按下
            GetComponent<Rigidbody>().AddForce(Vector3.up * jumpSpeed);
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))  //按住
            transform.position += Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * moveSpeed;
        if (Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.Escape))  //松开
            Destroy(gameObject);
        if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))
            Debug.Log("按住鼠标左键");
        if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(1))
            Debug.Log("按下鼠标右键");
        if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp(2))
            Debug.Log("抬起鼠标中键");

        //鼠标中键放大缩小视野
        float scroll = Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel");  //return 0没有按下 0.1 往上滑  -0.1 往下滑
        Camera ca = cam.GetComponent<Camera>();
        ca.fieldOfView += scroll * zoomSpeed;
    }
}

5.时间类

    void Update () {
        Debug.Log("Time.time:" + Time.time);  //游戏开始运行到现在执行的时间
        Debug.Log("Time.deltaTime:" + Time.deltaTime); //当前帧所占用时间
        Debug.Log("Time.timeScale:" + Time.timeScale);//控制时间流逝的速度。=1 游戏时间与实时时间匹配；=2游戏时间流速加倍；=0.5 游戏速度减半；=0 游戏时间完全“停止”。
    }
    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        Debug.Log("Time.fixedTime:" + Time.fixedTime);
        Debug.Log("Time.fixedDeltaTime:" + Time.fixedDeltaTime);  //0.02 在Edit->ProjectSettings->Time的Fixed Timestep可以自行设置
    }

6.定时器

//Time实现延时
public class Test1 : MonoBehaviour
{
    float time;

    void Update()
    {
        time += Time.deltaTime;  //deltaTime代表当前帧时间
        if (time > 3)
        {
            time = 0;   
            Debug.Log("3秒时间到！");
        }
    }
}

//用协同程序实现延时
public class Test2 : MonoBehaviour
{
    private void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(Delay());
    }
    IEnumerator Delay()
    {
        yield return new WaitForSeconds(3);
        Debug.Log("3秒时间到！");
    }
}

//Invoke实现延时
public class Test3 : MonoBehaviour
{
    private void Start()
    {
        Invoke("Delay", 3);  //延时3s再执行Delay()方法
        InvokeRepeating("Delay", 1, 3);   //第一次延时1s执行Delay()方法，后面每3s执行一次
    }
    void Delay()
    {
        Debug.Log("3秒时间到！");
    }
}

7.创建物体

//创建基本物体类型
GameObject cube = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Cube);
//创建GameObject类型
GameObject go = new GameObject();
//克隆
Instantiate(go);

8.激活物体

//激活状态
cube.SetActive(false);  //设置激活状态，只能设置当前物体，不能设置父物体
Debug.Log(cube.activeInHierarchy); //父物体及子物体都激活才为true
Debug.Log(cube.activeSelf);  //当前物体inspector中的checkbox是否被勾选

9.碰撞/触发检测

//碰撞函数
//条件：两个物体都有碰撞器,至少一方有刚体
private void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
{
    Debug.Log("两个物体刚刚碰撞上的一瞬");
}
private void OnCollisionStay(Collision collision)
{
    Debug.Log("两个物体正在碰撞");
}
private void OnCollisionExit(Collision collision)
{
    Debug.Log("两个物体碰撞后离开的一瞬");
}
//触发函数
//条件：两个物体都有碰撞器,至少一方有刚体,至少一方IsTrigger要勾选
private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{
    Debug.Log("两个物体刚刚接触的一瞬");
}
private void OnTriggerStay(Collider other)
{
    Debug.Log("两个物体正在互相接触");
}
private void OnTriggerExit(Collider other)
{
    Debug.Log("两个物体互相离开的一瞬");
}
//角色控制器检测碰撞
//条件：一方必须有角色控制器,另一方挂载碰撞器
private void OnControllerColliderHit(ControllerColliderHit hit)
{
    Debug.Log(hit.controller.name);  //输出被碰撞物体的名称
}
//粒子碰撞/触发
//条件：一方有粒子系统,勾选Send Collision Messages属性,另一方有碰撞器
void OnParticleCollision(GameObject other)
{
    Debug.Log("OnParticleCollison:"+other.name);
}
void OnParticleTrigger(GameObject other)
{
    Debug.Log("OnParticleTrigger:" + other.name);
}

 10.刚体

//用刚体移动
rd.MovePosition(transform.position + transform.forward * Time.deltaTime * speed);  //瞬间移动用Position,匀速移动用MovePosition
//给刚体施加力 
rd.AddForce(Vector3.forward * force , ForceMode.Impulse);
//模拟爆炸效果
public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float radius = 5.0f;  //爆炸半径
    public float power = 10.0f;  //爆炸力量
    void Start()
    {
        Vector3 explosionPos = transform.position;//爆炸中心点
        Collider[] colliders = Physics.OverlapSphere(explosionPos, radius); //返回球内与之接触的所有碰撞器
        foreach (Collider hit in colliders)
        {
            Rigidbody rd = hit.GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
            if (rd != null)
                rd.AddExplosionForce(power, explosionPos, radius, 3.0f); //第四个参数是下移爆炸中心的位置
        }
    }
}