关于TextView的一些初步解说

Android里面的textview是一个相当重要的类。相信做安卓的开发人员在每一个应用里面都一定用到了它,而且它也是Button,EditTextView等子控件的父类。
对于View的流程:measure ->layout -> draw ; measure会调用子类的onMeasure,同理layout调用子类的onLayout,draw会调用子类的onDraw(drawCanvas临时不讨论)。
先把大致流程理出来,然后我们去源代码里面找相应的函数(android-23里面相应的源代码)。

首先看下onMeasure()方法里面干了什么事情

 @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
       //以上省略代码...

        // 推断文字绘制的方向
        if (mTextDir == null) {
            mTextDir = getTextDirectionHeuristic();
        }

        int des = -1;
        boolean fromexisting = false;
        // 測量宽度
        if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
            // Parent has told us how big to be. So be it.
            width = widthSize;
        } else {
            if (mLayout != null && mEllipsize == null) {
                des = desired(mLayout);
            }
            // BoringLayout.isBoring推断是否是单行文本(详细实现參见BoringLayout)
            if (des < 0) {
                boring = BoringLayout.isBoring(mTransformed, mTextPaint, mTextDir, mBoring);
                if (boring != null) {
                    mBoring = boring;
                }
            } else {
                fromexisting = true;
            }

           //以上省略代码...
        // 这里创建mLayout
        if (mLayout == null) {
            makeNewLayout(want, hintWant, boring, hintBoring,
                          width - getCompoundPaddingLeft() - getCompoundPaddingRight(), false);
        } 
         //以上省略代码...
        // 设置測量好的宽高
        setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
    }

上面的代码主要去计算了textview显示的宽度以及构造出来了一个mLayout,那继续看下调用makeNewLayout()函数里面做了些什么:

 /**
     * The width passed in is now the desired layout width,
     * not the full view width with padding.
     * {@hide}
     */
    protected void makeNewLayout(int wantWidth, int hintWidth,
                                 BoringLayout.Metrics boring,
                                 BoringLayout.Metrics hintBoring,
                                 int ellipsisWidth, boolean bringIntoView) {
         //以上省略代码...
        // 这里真正产生mLayout 
        mLayout = makeSingleLayout(wantWidth, boring, ellipsisWidth, alignment, shouldEllipsize,
                effectiveEllipsize, effectiveEllipsize == mEllipsize);
        //以上省略代码...
    }

那我们进入makeSingleLayout()的code:

private Layout makeSingleLayout(int wantWidth, BoringLayout.Metrics boring, int ellipsisWidth,
            Layout.Alignment alignment, boolean shouldEllipsize, TruncateAt effectiveEllipsize,
            boolean useSaved) {
        Layout result = null;
        // 这里依据mText 的类型创建了3种不同的Layout
        if (mText instanceof Spannable) {
            result = new DynamicLayout(mText, mTransformed, mTextPaint, wantWidth,
                    alignment, mTextDir, mSpacingMult, mSpacingAdd, mIncludePad,
                    mBreakStrategy, mHyphenationFrequency,
                    getKeyListener() == null ? effectiveEllipsize : null, ellipsisWidth);
        } else {
            if (boring == UNKNOWN_BORING) {
                boring = BoringLayout.isBoring(mTransformed, mTextPaint, mTextDir, mBoring);
                if (boring != null) {
                    mBoring = boring;
                }
            }

            //以上省略代码...
            // 以下使用Builder模式创建StaticLayout
        if (result == null) {
            StaticLayout.Builder builder = StaticLayout.Builder.obtain(mTransformed,
                    0, mTransformed.length(), mTextPaint, wantWidth)
                    .setAlignment(alignment)
                    .setTextDirection(mTextDir)
                    .setLineSpacing(mSpacingAdd, mSpacingMult)
                    .setIncludePad(mIncludePad)
                    .setBreakStrategy(mBreakStrategy)
                    .setHyphenationFrequency(mHyphenationFrequency);
            if (shouldEllipsize) {
                builder.setEllipsize(effectiveEllipsize)
                        .setEllipsizedWidth(ellipsisWidth)
                        .setMaxLines(mMaxMode == LINES ? mMaximum : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            }
            // TODO: explore always setting maxLines
            result = builder.build();
        }
        return result;
    }

介绍下TextView的基本渲染原理,总的来说。TextView中负责渲染文字的主要是这三个类:

  1. BoringLayout
    主要负责显示单行文本。并提供了isBoring方法来推断是否满足单行文本的条件。

  2. DynamicLayout
    当文本为Spannable的时候。TextView就会使用它来负责文本的显示,在内部设置了SpanWatcher。当检測到span改变的时候,会进行reflow,又一次计算布局。

  3. StaticLayout
    当文本为非单行文本。且非Spannable的时候,就会使用StaticLayout,内部并不会监听span的变化,因此效率上会比 DynamicLayout高,仅仅需一次布局的创建就可以,但事实上内部也能显示SpannableString,仅仅是不能在span变化之后又一次进行布局而已。
    这里引出一个有一个Spannable是一个接口,它的实现类有SpannableStringSpannableStringBuilder,当我们在使用textView.setText()的时候能够传入这2种类型的參数,举个样例比方我们须要在textview里面显示一个emoji表情:

 Bitmap b = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.hanguo);
        ImageSpan imgSpan = new ImageSpan(this, b);
        SpannableString spanString = new SpannableString("icon");
        spanString.setSpan(imgSpan, 0, 4, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
        textView.setText(spanString);

这里都是图片塞入SpannableString然后利用textView.setText。假设你须要加入多个能够用SpannableStringBuilder

回归主线,之前我们把onMeasureonLayout2个方法大体思路看完了,如今该去看看它的onDraw里面做了一些哪些魔法的事情。

 @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {

        // 绘制相应xml里面drawLeft等4个方向的图片
        final int compoundPaddingLeft = getCompoundPaddingLeft();
        final int compoundPaddingTop = getCompoundPaddingTop();
        final int compoundPaddingRight = getCompoundPaddingRight();
        final int compoundPaddingBottom = getCompoundPaddingBottom();
        // 省略很多代码...
        if (mEditor != null) {
            mEditor.onDraw(canvas, layout, highlight, mHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
        } else {
            // 这里真的绘制调用了layout的draw,就是之前产生3中Layout中的当中一种             
            layout.draw(canvas, highlight, mHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
        }

主要做法先绘制drawLeft等4个方向的图片(假设有的话),再调用layout.draw()去绘制文字,好的我们进入里面去看下

  /**
     * Draw this Layout on the specified canvas, with the highlight path drawn
     * between the background and the text.
     *
     * @param canvas the canvas
     * @param highlight the path of the highlight or cursor; can be null
     * @param highlightPaint the paint for the highlight
     * @param cursorOffsetVertical the amount to temporarily translate the
     *        canvas while rendering the highlight
     */
    public void draw(Canvas canvas, Path highlight, Paint highlightPaint,
            int cursorOffsetVertical) {
        final long lineRange = getLineRangeForDraw(canvas);
        int firstLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeStartFromLong(lineRange);
        int lastLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeEndFromLong(lineRange);
        if (lastLine < 0) return;

        drawBackground(canvas, highlight, highlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical,
                firstLine, lastLine);
        drawText(canvas, firstLine, lastLine);
    }

代码非常短。看方法命名都知道

  1. 先绘制背景
  2. 绘制文字
    我们主要关心怎么绘制文字信息的。看下
 public void drawText(Canvas canvas, int firstLine, int lastLine) {
       // 省略他大爷的那么多代码
            if (directions == DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT && !mSpannedText && !hasTabOrEmoji) {
                // XXX: assumes there's nothing additional to be done
                canvas.drawText(buf, start, end, x, lbaseline, paint);
            } else {
                tl.set(paint, buf, start, end, dir, directions, hasTabOrEmoji, tabStops);
                tl.draw(canvas, x, ltop, lbaseline, lbottom);
            }
            paint.setHyphenEdit(0);
        }

        TextLine.recycle(tl);
    }

主要看到了drawText(),心里的石头放下来了;可是这里又有2中情况:

  1. 仅仅有文本信息
    直接调用canvas.drawText
  2. 包括图片信息
    使用TextLine的draw()绘制。去TextLine的draw()里面:
void draw(Canvas c, float x, int top, int y, int bottom) {
        if (!mHasTabs) {
            if (mDirections == Layout.DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                // 这里会调用TextLine的handleRun(),里面的span.updateDrawState(wp),能够改变文字的颜色和下划线是否显示
                drawRun(c, 0, mLen, false, x, top, y, bottom, false);
                return;
            }
               // 省略代码...
                        if (emojiRect == null) {
                            emojiRect = new RectF();
                        }
                        emojiRect.set(x + h, y + bmAscent,
                                x + h + width, y);
                        // 这里调用drawBitmap绘制图片
                        c.drawBitmap(bm, null, emojiRect, mPaint);
                        h += width;
                        j++;
                    }
                    segstart = j + 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

好了TextView的初步解说就到这里,这里推荐一个库,同学们有时间能够看下,能够借鉴大神的一些写法:textview的基本演示样例

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tlnshuju/p/7277976.html