View与APIView的区别

.-.-.https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/11523008.html

前言

django中编辑视图views.py有两种方式，一种是基于类的实现，另外一种是函数式的实现方式，两种方法都可以用。
REST框架提供了一个APIView类，它是Django View类的子类。

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View与APIView的区别

View是Django默认的视图基类APIView是REST framework提供的所有视图的基类, 继承自Django的View。

APIView与View的不同之处在于：

传入到视图方法中的是REST framework的Request对象，而不是Django的HttpRequeset对象；
视图方法可以返回REST framework的Response对象，视图会为响应数据设置（render）符合前端要求的格式；
任何APIException异常都会被捕获到，并且处理成合适的响应信息；APIException异常捕获
在进行dispatch()分发前，会对请求进行身份认证、权限检查、流量控制。

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REST framework的APIView继承了django的View

APIView多了一些属性和方法，比如：身份认证、权限检查、流量控制

authentication_classes 身份认证
permission_classes 权限检查
throttle_classes 流量控制

APIView的序列化也比View的序列化好用一些但是报错不好找具体使用哪个个人斟酌

先使用django自带的view，获取一个Card表里面的卡号信息：
models.py设计card表

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# models.py
class Card(models.Model):
    '''银行卡 基本信息 
    card_id = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="卡号", default="")
    card_user = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="姓名", default="")
    add_time = models.DateField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '银行卡账户'
        verbose_name = "银行卡账户_基本信息"
        
    def __str__(self):
        return self.card_id

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views.py视图的编写

from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework import serializers
from django.core import serializers as dj_serializers  # 避免和rest_framework里面的serializers冲突
from .models import *
from django.views.generic.base import View
import json


class CardListView(View):
    '''基于django的view实现获取card列表'''
    def get(self, request):
        data = {}
        cards = Card.objects.all()
        data['result'] = json.loads(dj_serializers.serialize("json", cards))
        return JsonResponse(data)

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View

class Test1View(View):
    def get(self, request):
        data = request.GET.get('name')  # View获取前端传递的GET请求name参数
        return HttpResponse(data)

    def post(self, request):
        data = request.POST.get('username')  # View获取前端传递的POST请求username参数
        return HttpResponse(data)

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urls.py设置访问地址

from apiapp import views
from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^api/v1/cards/$', views.CardListView.as_view()),

]

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REST framework的APIView

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REST framework的APIView继承了django的View类，先序列化Card类，这里的序列化用rest_framework里面的ModelSerializer

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import *
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated,AllowAny
from rest_framework.authentication import TokenAuthentication


class CardAPISerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):   # 继承自ModelSerializer类
    '''序列化数据的类，根据model表来获取字段'''
    class Meta:
        model = Card
        fields = '__all__'


class CardListAPIView(APIView):
    '''REST framework的APIView实现获取card列表'''
    # authentication_classes = (TokenAuthentication,)  # token认证
    # permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)   # IsAuthenticated 仅通过认证的用户
    permission_classes = (AllowAny,)  # 允许所有用户

    def get(self, request, format=None):
        """
        Return a list of all users.
        """
        cards = Card.objects.all()
        serializer = CardAPISerializer(cards, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

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from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response


class TestView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        data = request.query_params  # APIView获取前端传递的GET请求参数
        # data = request.GET.get('name')
        # 使用View获取前端传递的GET请求参数 因为APIView继承和封装了View 
        # 所以View获取GET请求的方式APIView也可以使用
        return Response(data)

    def post(self, request):
        # data = request.data.get('username')
        data = request.POST.get('username')
        # 使用View获取前端传递的POST请求参数 因为APIView继承和封装了View 
        # 所以View获取POST请求的方式APIView也可以使用
        return Response({'username': data})

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配置urls.py,设置访问地址

from apiapp import views
from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^api/v1/cardlist/$', views.CardListAPIView.as_view()),

]