orace学习操作(4)

Orace游标:

一、游标简介:                                      

使用游标,我们可以对具体操作数据,比如查询的结果,对行,列数据进行更加细致的处理。以及对其他DML操作进行判断等操作;

二、显示游标:                                        

1.静态的指定变量类型:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select empno,ename,sal from emp;
  2  e_no number;
  3  e_name varchar2(10);
  4  e_sal number;
  5  begin
  6     open cu_emp;
  7     fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
  8     while cu_emp%found loop
  9             dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e_no||',姓名:'||e_name||',基本薪资:'||e_sal);
 10     fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
 11     end loop;
 12     close cu_emp;
 13  end;
 14  /
编号:7369,姓名:SMITH,基本薪资:800
编号:7499,姓名:ALLEN,基本薪资:1600
编号:7521,姓名:WARD,基本薪资:1250
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7654,姓名:MARTIN,基本薪资:1250
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450
编号:7788,姓名:SCOTT,基本薪资:3000
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000
编号:7844,姓名:TURNER,基本薪资:1500
编号:7876,姓名:ADAMS,基本薪资:1100
编号:7900,姓名:JAMES,基本薪资:950
编号:7902,姓名:FORD,基本薪资:3000
编号:7934,姓名:MILLER,基本薪资:1300

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

2.动态指定变量类型:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select empno,ename,sal from emp;
  2  e_no emp.empno%type;
  3  e_name emp.ename%type;
  4  e_sal emp.sal%type;
  5  begin
  6     open cu_emp;
  7     fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
  8     while cu_emp%found loop
  9             dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e_no||',姓名:'||e_name||',基本薪资:'||e_sal);
 10     fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
 11     end loop;
 12     close cu_emp;
 13  end;
 14  /
编号:7369,姓名:SMITH,基本薪资:800
编号:7499,姓名:ALLEN,基本薪资:1600
编号:7521,姓名:WARD,基本薪资:1250
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7654,姓名:MARTIN,基本薪资:1250
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450
编号:7788,姓名:SCOTT,基本薪资:3000
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000
编号:7844,姓名:TURNER,基本薪资:1500
编号:7876,姓名:ADAMS,基本薪资:1100
编号:7900,姓名:JAMES,基本薪资:950
编号:7902,姓名:FORD,基本薪资:3000
编号:7934,姓名:MILLER,基本薪资:1300

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

3.行类型:%rowtype:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select * from emp;
  2  e emp%rowtype;
  3  begin
  4     open cu_emp;
  5     fetch cu_emp into e;
  6     while cu_emp%found loop
  7             dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',基本薪资:'||e.sal);
  8     fetch cu_emp into e;
  9     end loop;
 10     close cu_emp;
 11  end;
 12  /
编号:7369,姓名:SMITH,基本薪资:800
编号:7499,姓名:ALLEN,基本薪资:1600
编号:7521,姓名:WARD,基本薪资:1250
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7654,姓名:MARTIN,基本薪资:1250
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450
编号:7788,姓名:SCOTT,基本薪资:3000
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000
编号:7844,姓名:TURNER,基本薪资:1500
编号:7876,姓名:ADAMS,基本薪资:1100
编号:7900,姓名:JAMES,基本薪资:950
编号:7902,姓名:FORD,基本薪资:3000
编号:7934,姓名:MILLER,基本薪资:1300

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

上面的也可以查询带条件:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select * from emp where sal > 2000 and sal < 3000;

  2  e emp%rowtype;
  3  begin
  4     open cu_emp;
  5     fetch cu_emp into e;
  6     while cu_emp%found loop
  7             dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',
基本薪资:'||e.sal);
  8     fetch cu_emp into e;
  9     end loop;
 10     close cu_emp;
 11  end;
 12  /
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
View Code

4.游标的其他循环方式:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
  2  v_emp c%rowtype;
  3  begin
  4     open c;
  5          fetch c into v_emp;
  6          dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
  7     close c;
  8  end;
  9  /
SMITH

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

//cursor c is xx 声明一个游标,但是并不会真真正正的从数据库取数据,open c才取数据
//fetch c 拿出第一个数据,并且游标指向下一行数据;fetch开始是指在第一条数据上,每fetch下,就指向下一条;

loop循环:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
  2  v_emp c%rowtype;
  3  begin
  4     open c;
  5             loop
  6                     fetch c into v_emp;
  7                     exit when(c%notfound);
  8                     dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
  9             end loop;
 10     close c;
 11  end;
 12  /
SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
...
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

while循环:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
  2  v_emp c%rowtype;
  3  begin
  4     open c;
  5     fetch c into v_emp;
  6     while(c%found) loop
  7             dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
  8             fetch c into v_emp;
  9     end loop;
 10     close c;
 11  end;
 12  /
SMITH
ALLEN
...

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
View Code

for循环:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
  2  begin
  3     for v_emp in c loop
  4             dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
  5     end loop;
  6  end;
  7  /
SMITH
ALLEN
...

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
//不需要声明v_emp,for循环自动声明;
//不需要open游标、close游标,for循环开始自动打开游标,循环结束自动关闭游标;最不容易出错。使用最多。

5.带参数的游标:

SQL> select ename, sal from emp where deptno=30 and job='CLERK';

ENAME             SAL
---------- ----------
JAMES             950

SQL> declare cursor c(v_deptno emp.deptno%type, v_job emp.job%type)
  2             is select ename,sal from emp where deptno = v_deptno and job = v_job;
  3  begin
  4     for v_temp in c(30, 'CLERK') loop
  5             dbms_output.put_line(v_temp.ename);
  6     end loop;
  7  end;
  8  /
JAMES

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

6.可更新的游标:

declare cursor c is select * from emp2 for update;
begin
    for v_temp in c loop
        if(v_temp.sal < 2000) then
            update emp2 set sal = sal*2 where current of c;
        elsif (v_temp.sal = 5000) then
            delete from emp2 where current of c;
        end if;
    end loop;
    commit;
end;

三、隐式游标:                                                        

SQL> begin
  2     if sql%isopen then
  3             dbms_output.put_line('sql游标以打开');
  4     else
  5             dbms_output.put_line('sql游标未打开');
  6     end if;
  7  end;
  8  /
sql游标未打开

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> declare e_count number;
  2  begin
  3     select count(*) into e_count from emp;
  4     dbms_output.put_line('游标捕获的记录数:'||sql%rowcount);
  5  end;
  6  /
游标捕获的记录数:1

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

%rowcount :   新增、修改影响的记录数会返回;

SQL> begin
  2     update emp2 set sal = 808 where ename='SMITH';
  3     if sql%rowcount=1 then
  4             dbms_output.put_line('已更新');
  5     else
  6             dbms_output.put_line('未更新');
  7     end if;
  8  end;
  9  /
已更新

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> begin
  2     update emp2 set sal = 800 where ename='SMITH';
  3     if sql%found then
  4             dbms_output.put_line('已更新');
  5     else
  6             dbms_output.put_line('未更新');
  7     end if;
  8  end;
  9  /
已更新

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
View Code

四、动态游标                                              

前面说的都是静态游标:开始声明就定死了;静态的;

1.强类型动态游标:

有个需求,老大(job为PRESIDENT)在的时候打印老大的信息,不然打印emp表的所有信息:

SQL> declare type emptype is ref cursor return emp%rowtype;
  2  cu_emp emptype;
  3  e_count number;
  4  e emp%rowtype;
  5  begin
  6     select count(*) into e_count from emp where job = 'PRESIDENT';
  7     if e_count=0 then
  8             open cu_emp for select * from emp;
  9     else
 10             open cu_emp for select * from emp where job = 'PRESIDENT';
 11     end if;
 12     fetch cu_emp into e;
 13     while cu_emp%found loop
 14             dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',基本薪资:'||e.sal);
 15             fetch cu_emp into e;
 16     end loop;
 17     close cu_emp;
 18  end;
 19  /
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

2.弱类型动态游标:

 需求:老大在的时候,输出老大信息;老大不在的时候,输出薪资等级信息;

SQL> declare type customType is ref cursor;
  2  e_count number;
  3  e emp%rowtype;
  4  s salgrade%rowType;
  5  cType customType;
  6  begin
  7    select count(*) into e_count from emp where job='PRESIDENT';
  8    if e_count=0 then
  9      open cType for select * from salgrade;
 10      fetch cType into s;
 11      while cType%found loop
 12        dbms_output.put_line('等级:'||s.grade||',最低薪资:'||s.losal||',最高薪资:'||s.hisal);
 13        fetch cType into s;
 14      end loop;
 15      close cType;
 16    else
 17      open cType for select * from emp where job='PRESIDENT';
 18      fetch cType into e;
 19      while cType%found loop
 20        dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',基本薪资:'||e.sal);
 21        fetch cType into e;
 22      end loop;
 23      close cType;
 24    end if;
 25  end;
 26  /
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tenWood/p/6629898.html