【Bash's ArithmeticExpression】
let command：
1 let a=17+23 2 echo "a = $a" # Prints a = 40 3 let a=17 + 23 # WRONG 4 let a="17 + 23" # Right 5 let a=28/6 6 echo "a = $a" # Prints a = 4
In addition to the let command, one may use the (( )) syntax to enforce an arithmetic context. If there is a $ (dollar sign) before the parentheses, then a substitution is performed (more on this below). White space is allowed inside (( )) with much greater leniency than with normal assignments, and variables inside (( )) don't require $(because string literals aren't allowed)：
(( )) without the leading $ is a Bash-only feature. $(( )) substitution is allowed in the POSIX shell. As one would expect, the result of the arithmetic expression inside the$(( )) is substituted into the original command. Here are some examples of the use of the arithmetic substitution syntax:
use declare command to set the type of a variant
declare -i b # Declare b as an integer