SSH公钥认证登录

概述:

  SSH登录的认证方式分为两种,一种是使用用户名密码的方式,另一种就是通过公钥认证的方式进行访问,

  用户名密码登录的方式没什么好说的,本文主要介绍通过公钥认证的方式进行登录。

思路:

  在客户端生成公钥和私钥,将公钥上传至服务器上后进行无密码访问。

环境:

  客户机:192.168.129.129

  服务机:192.168.129.128

步骤:

  (1)在客户端生成公钥与私钥

root@kali2:~/.ssh# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):   <-- 此处使用默认路径,直接回车
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):           <-- 此处使用空密码,直接回车
Enter same passphrase again:                    <-- 继续回车
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e9:66:e1:c9:51:9e:cb:1e:ec:07:8c:e9:9a:a5:19:ff root@kali2
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|                 |
|          .      |
|         + .     |
|        S+o      |
|       +o*o.     |
|      ..O =.     |
|       X.o ..    |
|      =...E.     |
+-----------------+

  (2)查看已生成的公钥私钥

root@kali2:~/.ssh# ls -l
total 12
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jul 19 03:45 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  392 Jul 19 03:45 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  444 Jul 19 03:31 known_hosts

  (3)将公钥id_rsa.pub发送到服务器上

root@kali2:~/.ssh# scp -r /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.129.128:/root/.ssh
root@192.168.129.128's password: 
id_rsa.pub                                                                                     100%  392     0.4KB/s   00:00 

  (4)进入服务器的/root/.ssh目录下,将id_rsa.pub内容重定向到同目录下的文件authorized_keys里

[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
id_rsa.pub  known_hosts
[root@localhost .ssh]# touch authorized_keys
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts
[root@localhost .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub >> ./authorized_keys 
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 392 Jul 19 15:54 authorized_keys
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 392 Jul 19 15:50 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 177 Jul 19 14:41 known_hosts

  (5) 此时在客户机访问服务机可不输入密码了

root@kali2:~/.ssh# ssh 192.168.129.128
Last failed login: Tue Jul 19 15:35:25 CST 2016 from 192.168.129.129 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
Last login: Tue Jul 19 15:33:54 2016 from 192.168.129.129
[root@localhost ~]#

注意事项:

在使用公钥认证之前,先检查一下服务器的ssh配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config
RSAAuthentication yes        # 启用 RSA 认证,默认为yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes     # 启用公钥认证,默认为yes

如果安全性要求高,修改一下服务器的配置文件/etc/sshd/sshd_config,
禁用密码登录,只能通过公钥方式登录。

  PasswordAuthentication no

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tdcqma/p/5685090.html