SICP_2.30-2.32

 1 #lang racket
 2 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;2.30
 3 (define (square-tree tree)
 4   (cond ((null? tree) '())
 5         ((not (pair? tree)) (square tree))
 6         (else (cons (square-tree (car tree))
 7                     (square-tree (cdr tree))))))
 8 
 9 (define (square x)
10   (* x x))
11 
12 (define (square-tree2 tree)
13   (map (lambda (sub-tree)
14          (if (pair? sub-tree)
15              (square-tree2 sub-tree)
16              (square sub-tree)))
17        tree))
18 
19 ;;;;;;;;;;;test
20 (square-tree (list 1 (list 2 (list 3 4) 5)
21                    (list 6 7)))
22 
23 (square-tree2 (list 1 (list 2 (list 3 4) 5)
24                    (list 6 7)))
25 
26 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;2.31
27 (define (square-tree3 tree) (tree-map square tree))
28 
29 (define (tree-map proc tree)
30   (map (lambda (sub-tree)
31          (if (pair? sub-tree)
32              (tree-map proc sub-tree)
33              (proc sub-tree)))
34        tree))
35 
36 (square-tree3 (list 1 (list 2 (list 3 4) 5)
37                    (list 6 7)))
38 
39 ;;;;;;;;;;;;2.32
40 (define (subsets s)
41   (if (null? s)
42       (list '())
43       (let ((rest (subsets (cdr s))))
44         (append rest (map (lambda (x) (cons (car s) x))
45                           rest)))))
46 
47 (subsets (list 1 2 3))
48 
49 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;参考解释:
50 ;;;;;;;;subsets S = subsets S/e ∪ (e ∪ each subset of S/e)
;;;;;;;;;; 用替代模型
;(subsets '(1 2 3))
;rest ← (subsets '(2 3))
;       rest ← (subsets '(3))
;              rest ← (subsets '())
;                     '(())
;              (append '(()) (map ⟨…⟩ '(())))
;              '(() (3))
;       (append '(() (3)) (map ⟨…⟩ '(() (3))))
;       '(() (3) (2) (2 3))
;(append '(() (3) (2) (2 3)) (map ⟨…⟩ '(() (3) (2) (2 3))))
;'(() (3) (2) (2 3) (1) (1 3) (1 2) (1 2 3))

在SICP这几节中加深对cons和list的理解的句子:

1.nil的值表示序对的链结束,它也可以当做一个不包含任何元素的序列,空表。

2.利用序对可以构造出的有用结构是序列——一批数据对象的有序汇集。

3.在本书中我们用术语专指那些有表尾结束标记的序对的链。与此相对应,用术语表结构指所有由序对构造起来的数据结构,而不仅是表。

4.cons可以用于构造表它在原有的表前面加上一个元素。

图为(list (list 1 2) (list 3 4)) 和 (cons (list 1 2) (list 3 4))的区别

Yosoro
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tclan126/p/6402954.html