观察者模式（Observer）
观察者模式（Observer）简介：
定义一个一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者对象监听某个主题对象，当主题对象的状态发生改变时，主题对象则通知所有的观察者对象，做出相应的反应，更新自己的状态等。
观察者模式结构图：
C++代码
Subject抽象类以及ConcreteSubject具体实现类：
//file: Subject.h
#pragma once
#include "Observer.h"
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Subject
{
public:
Subject();
virtual ~Subject();
void attach(Observer *pObserver);
void detach(Observer *pObserver);
void notify();
virtual int getState() = 0;
virtual void setState(int i) = 0;
private:
vector<Observer *> m_vtObj;
};
class ConcreteSubject : public Subject
{
public:
ConcreteSubject();
virtual ~ConcreteSubject();
virtual int getState();
virtual void setState(int i);
private:
int m_State;
};
//file: Subject.cpp
#include "pch.h"
#include "Subject.h"
//Subject
Subject::Subject() {}
Subject::~Subject() {}
void Subject::attach(Observer *pObserver)
{
m_vtObj.push_back(pObserver);
}
void Subject::detach(Observer *pObserver)
{
for (vector<Observer *>::iterator iter = m_vtObj.begin(); iter != m_vtObj.end(); iter++)
{
if (*iter == pObserver)
{
m_vtObj.erase(iter);
return;
}
}
}
void Subject::notify()
{
for (vector<Observer *>::iterator iter = m_vtObj.begin(); iter != m_vtObj.end(); iter++)
{
(*iter)->update(this);
}
}
//ConcreteSubject
ConcreteSubject::ConcreteSubject() {}
ConcreteSubject::~ConcreteSubject() {}
int ConcreteSubject::getState()
{
return m_State;
}
void ConcreteSubject::setState(int i)
{
m_State = i;
}
Observer抽象类以及ConcreteObserver具体观察者类：
//file: Observer.h
#pragma once
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Subject;
class Observer
{
public:
Observer();
virtual ~Observer();
virtual void update(Subject *ps) = 0;
};
class ConcreteObserver : public Observer
{
public:
ConcreteObserver(string pName);
virtual ~ConcreteObserver();
virtual void update(Subject *ps);
private:
string m_ObjName;
int m_ObserverState;
};
//file: Observer.cpp
#include "pch.h"
#include "Subject.h"
#include "Observer.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//Observer
Observer::Observer() {}
Observer::~Observer() {}
//ConcreteOberver
ConcreteObserver::ConcreteObserver(string pName)
{
m_ObjName = pName;
}
ConcreteObserver::~ConcreteObserver() {}
void ConcreteObserver::update(Subject *ps)
{
m_ObserverState = ps->getState();
cout << "update observer " << m_ObjName << " to state " << m_ObserverState << " !" << endl;
}
客户端代码：
//file: ObserverPattern.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
#include "pch.h"
#include "Subject.h"
int main()
{
Subject *sub = new ConcreteSubject();
Observer *objA = new ConcreteObserver("A");
Observer *objB = new ConcreteObserver("B");
sub->attach(objA);
sub->attach(objB);
sub->setState(101);
sub->notify();
sub->detach(objB);
sub->setState(102);
sub->notify();
delete sub;
delete objA;
delete objB;
return 0;
}
C#代码
观察者模式实现
Subject抽象类以及ConcreteSubject具体实现类：
public abstract class Subject
{
private List<Observer> objList = new List<Observer>();
public int State { get; set; }
public void Attach(Observer obj)
{
objList.Add(obj);
}
public void Detach(Observer obj)
{
objList.Remove(obj);
}
public void Notify()
{
foreach (Observer o in objList)
{
o.Update(this);
}
}
}
public class ConcreteSubject : Subject
{
}
Observer抽象类以及ConcreteObserver具体观察者类：
public abstract class Observer
{
public abstract void Update(Subject sub);
}
public class ConcreteObserver : Observer
{
int m_State;
string m_Name;
public ConcreteObserver(string name)
{
this.m_Name = name;
}
public override void Update(Subject sub)
{
this.m_State = sub.State;
Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", m_Name, m_State);
}
}
客户端代码：
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Subject sub = new ConcreteSubject();
Observer objA = new ConcreteObserver("A");
Observer objB = new ConcreteObserver("B");
sub.Attach(objA);
sub.Attach(objB);
sub.State = 101;
sub.Notify();
sub.Detach(objB);
sub.State = 102;
sub.Notify();
Console.ReadKey(false);
}
}
C#委托事件实现观察者
抽象Subject类以及委托方法原型以及ConcreteSubject具体实现类：
public delegate void EventHander(Subject sub);
public abstract class Subject
{
public int State { get; set; }
public abstract void Notify();
}
public class ConcreteSubject : Subject
{
public event EventHander Update;
public override void Notify()
{
if (Update != null)
Update(this);
}
}
ConcreteObserverA/B具体实现类：
public class ConcreteObserverA
{
public int State { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public ConcreteObserverA(string name)
{
Name = name;
}
public void FuncA(Subject sub)
{
this.State = sub.State;
Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
}
public void FeatureA(Subject sub)
{
this.State = sub.State;
Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
}
}
public class ConcreteObserverB
{
public int State { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public ConcreteObserverB(string name)
{
Name = name;
}
public void FuncB(Subject sub)
{
this.State = sub.State;
Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
}
public void FeatureB(Subject sub)
{
this.State = sub.State;
Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
}
}
客户端代码：
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConcreteSubject sub = new ConcreteSubject();
ConcreteObserverA objA = new ConcreteObserverA("ConcreteObserverA");
ConcreteObserverB objB = new ConcreteObserverB("ConcreteObserverB");
sub.Update += objA.FuncA;
sub.Update += objB.FeatureB;
sub.State = 101;
sub.Notify();
sub.Update -= objB.FeatureB;
sub.State = 102;
sub.Notify();
Console.ReadKey(false);
}
}
运行实例：
REF
书籍：
设计模式与游戏开发、大话设计模式
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