python中的常用方法

 

1.os模块的常用方法：

>>> import os
>>>
>>> myFiles = ['accounts.txt', 'details.csv', 'invite.docx']  # 组合目录路径
>>> for filename in myFiles:  
    print(os.path.join('C:\Users\sxhui101', filename))

C:Userssxhui101accounts.txt
C:Userssxhui101details.csv
C:Userssxhui101invite.docx

>>> os.getcwd()  # 获取当前工作目录
'C:\Python\Python35'

>>> os.chdir('D:\mzitu')  # 更改当前工作目录
>>> os.getcwd()
'D:\mzitu'

>>> os.makedirs('D:\mzitu\beauty')  # 创建目录

2.enumerate用法：

for i, j in enumerate[a, b, c]:
    print(i, j, sep=" ")


# 0 a
# 1 b
# 2 c

3.for循环与while循环

for i in range(10):  # for循环
　　if i  == 5:  # 可以将5变成11试试，可以发现如果是5，不会打印done；如果是11则会打印done
        break  # 跳出整个循环，只会打印前5个数字；换成continue，跳出本循环，进行下一个循环，就不会打印5了  
　　print(i)　　 

else: 
　　print("done")

count = 0
while count < 10:  # while循环
    print(count)
    count += 1
else:
    print("you have counted for ten times!")

4.格式化输出

name = "Shuai xianghui"
age = 1
address = "Hang Zhou"

info1 = '''
---------- info of %s --------------
Name: %s
Age: %d
Address: %s
''' % (name, name, age, address)

info2 = '''
---------- info of {_name} --------------
Name: {_name}
Age: {_age}
Address: {_address}
'''.format(_name=name, _age=age, _address=address)