参考了windows system programming chapter13的内容，但是一些注意点没讲到。
1. 创建windows console应用程序。vs自带的windows service模板创建出来的项目看不懂。
2. _tmain函数这样写：
/* Main routine that starts the service control dispatcher */
VOID _tmain (int argc, LPTSTR argv[])
{
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[] =
{
{ ServiceName, ServiceMain },
{ NULL, NULL }
};
StartServiceCtrlDispatcher (DispatchTable);
return;
}
VOID _tmain (int argc, LPTSTR argv[])
{
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[] =
{
{ ServiceName, ServiceMain },
{ NULL, NULL }
};
StartServiceCtrlDispatcher (DispatchTable);
return;
}
关键就是ServiceMain函数在这里定义了。
3. 然后就是ServiceMain函数：
/* ServiceMain entry point, called when the service is created by
the main program. */
void WINAPI ServiceMain (DWORD argc, LPTSTR argv[])
{
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
DWORD Context = 1;
size_t bytes_need_write = 0;
DWORD bytes_written = 0;
TCHAR write_buffer[255];
SYSTEMTIME cur_time;
DWORD n;
LARGE_INTEGER file_size;
// init logger
logger_set_root_directory(TEXT("C:\\"));
hServStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
hServStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = ERROR_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
// in 2000ms, we should increment dwCheckPoint or set new status
// while current status is a PENDING start/continue/stop state
hServStatus.dwWaitHint = 5000;
/* Warning. Older VC++ version do not have RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx
* defined. You can use RegisterServiceCtrlHandler just as well */
#ifdef RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx
hSStat = RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx(ServiceName, ServerCtrlHandlerEx, &Context);
#else
hSStat = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(ServiceName, ServerCtrlHandler);
#endif
if (hSStat == NULL) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Register service ctrl handle failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// PENDING start
if (!SetServiceStatus (hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// Open the file and log current time
hFile = CreateFile(TEXT("C:\\testserv.txt"), GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Create testserv file failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// Seek to the end of file
UTILS_RETURN_IF_FAIL(GetFileSizeEx(hFile, &file_size));
UTILS_RETURN_IF_FAIL(SetFilePointerEx(hFile, file_size, NULL, FILE_BEGIN));
GetLocalTime(&cur_time);
StringCchPrintf(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), TEXT("TestServ started, write time: %d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d\n"),
cur_time.wYear, cur_time.wMonth, cur_time.wDay, cur_time.wHour, cur_time.wMinute, cur_time.wSecond);
StringCchLength(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), &bytes_need_write);
WriteFile(hFile, write_buffer, bytes_need_write * sizeof(TCHAR), &bytes_written, NULL);
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
if (!SetServiceStatus(hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// block here until service stop
while (!service_terminate) {
Sleep(1000);
}
// stop service
GetLocalTime(&cur_time);
StringCchPrintf(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), TEXT("TestServ stopped, write time: %d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d\n"),
cur_time.wYear, cur_time.wMonth, cur_time.wDay, cur_time.wHour, cur_time.wMinute, cur_time.wSecond);
StringCchLength(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), &bytes_need_write);
WriteFile(hFile, write_buffer, bytes_need_write * sizeof(TCHAR), &bytes_written, NULL);
CloseHandle(hFile);
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
if (!SetServiceStatus(hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
return;
}
the main program. */
void WINAPI ServiceMain (DWORD argc, LPTSTR argv[])
{
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
DWORD Context = 1;
size_t bytes_need_write = 0;
DWORD bytes_written = 0;
TCHAR write_buffer[255];
SYSTEMTIME cur_time;
DWORD n;
LARGE_INTEGER file_size;
// init logger
logger_set_root_directory(TEXT("C:\\"));
hServStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
hServStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = ERROR_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
// in 2000ms, we should increment dwCheckPoint or set new status
// while current status is a PENDING start/continue/stop state
hServStatus.dwWaitHint = 5000;
/* Warning. Older VC++ version do not have RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx
* defined. You can use RegisterServiceCtrlHandler just as well */
#ifdef RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx
hSStat = RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx(ServiceName, ServerCtrlHandlerEx, &Context);
#else
hSStat = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(ServiceName, ServerCtrlHandler);
#endif
if (hSStat == NULL) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Register service ctrl handle failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// PENDING start
if (!SetServiceStatus (hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// Open the file and log current time
hFile = CreateFile(TEXT("C:\\testserv.txt"), GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Create testserv file failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// Seek to the end of file
UTILS_RETURN_IF_FAIL(GetFileSizeEx(hFile, &file_size));
UTILS_RETURN_IF_FAIL(SetFilePointerEx(hFile, file_size, NULL, FILE_BEGIN));
GetLocalTime(&cur_time);
StringCchPrintf(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), TEXT("TestServ started, write time: %d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d\n"),
cur_time.wYear, cur_time.wMonth, cur_time.wDay, cur_time.wHour, cur_time.wMinute, cur_time.wSecond);
StringCchLength(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), &bytes_need_write);
WriteFile(hFile, write_buffer, bytes_need_write * sizeof(TCHAR), &bytes_written, NULL);
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
if (!SetServiceStatus(hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
// block here until service stop
while (!service_terminate) {
Sleep(1000);
}
// stop service
GetLocalTime(&cur_time);
StringCchPrintf(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), TEXT("TestServ stopped, write time: %d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d\n"),
cur_time.wYear, cur_time.wMonth, cur_time.wDay, cur_time.wHour, cur_time.wMinute, cur_time.wSecond);
StringCchLength(write_buffer, _countof(write_buffer), &bytes_need_write);
WriteFile(hFile, write_buffer, bytes_need_write * sizeof(TCHAR), &bytes_written, NULL);
CloseHandle(hFile);
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
if (!SetServiceStatus(hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
return;
}
有几个关键点：
A. hServStatus是一个SERVICE_STRUCTURE，这个structure非常重要，定义了很多关键的数据。主要是：
(1) dwControlAccepted，不支持PAUSE和CONTINUE就不要写上。
(2) dwWin32ExitCode这个member容易混淆。如果当前service的状态是PENDING（start pending/pause pending/continue pending/stop pending），那么可以设置为ERROR_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_ERROR， 这表示pending的时候如果出错了，让windows SCM去check dwServiceSpecificExitCode member来得到出错码。但是如果状态已经成功转换到了RUNNING/STOPPED，那么，要设置这个dwWin32ExitCode为NO_ERROR，此时windows SCM认为service状态转换没有错误发生，dwServiceSpecificExitCode的值被ignore。如果dwWin32ExitCode还为ERROR_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_ERROR的话，windows SCM就会认为service状态转换出错，然后把dwServiceSpecificExitCode作为出错码取出来报告。这就是为什么上面代码中，RUNNING和STOPPED状态转换完成的时候，要设置这两个member的原因。
(3) dwCheckPoint，也是用于pending状态的。pending状态的时候，windows SCM要知道service当前是否alive，依靠的就是周期性的check这个dwCheckPoint member。所以，我们的service在pending状态的时候，要经常使用SetServiceStatus来更新这个dwCheckPoint，否则windows SCM会认为service down，从而强制stop service。此外，当service完成pending状态切换到新状态后，记得重置dwCheckPoint为0.
(4) dwWaitHint，这个member定义一个时间（单位毫秒），在service处于pending状态时，如果过了这里定义的时间，windows SCM发现service的dwCheckPoint没有更新，或者service没有切换到新的非pending状态，那么，windows SCM就会强制stop service。
B. RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx函数。用来注册SCM动作的响应函数。也就是stop/continue这些命令的响应。例子：
/* Control Handler Function */
#ifdef RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx
DWORD WINAPI ServerCtrlHandlerEx( DWORD dwControl, DWORD dwEventType,
LPVOID lpEventData, LPVOID lpContext)
#else
DWORD WINAPI ServerCtrlHandler( DWORD dwControl)
#endif
// requested control code
{
DWORD n;
switch (dwControl) {
case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
service_terminate = TRUE;
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint++;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = ERROR_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
if (!SetServiceStatus(hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RVIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, NO_ERROR, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
return NO_ERROR;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
return NO_ERROR;
default:
if (dwControl > 127 && dwControl < 256) /* User Defined */
break;
}
return ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
#ifdef RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerEx
DWORD WINAPI ServerCtrlHandlerEx( DWORD dwControl, DWORD dwEventType,
LPVOID lpEventData, LPVOID lpContext)
#else
DWORD WINAPI ServerCtrlHandler( DWORD dwControl)
#endif
// requested control code
{
DWORD n;
switch (dwControl) {
case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
service_terminate = TRUE;
hServStatus.dwCheckPoint++;
hServStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = ERROR_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_ERROR;
hServStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
hServStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
if (!SetServiceStatus(hSStat, &hServStatus)) {
GET_ERROR_CODE(n);
UTILS_RVIF_WITH_LOG(FALSE, NO_ERROR, LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __SDFILE__, __LINE__,
TEXT("Set service status failed. Reason: %s\n"),
utils_format_error_string(n));
}
return NO_ERROR;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
return NO_ERROR;
default:
if (dwControl > 127 && dwControl < 256) /* User Defined */
break;
}
return ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
(1) 对于没有handle的control命令，return ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED，对于handle的，返回NO_ERROR。例外是对于SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE，也要返回NO_ERROR，即使我们没有handle这个control。更具体的信息查看MSDN。
(2) SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN是系统关机的时候SCM发送给service的。和SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP一样，可以在这里设置一个pending状态，在ServiceMain中真正stop了，设置STOPPED状态。
4. service本身的关键代码就是这些，下面是使用SCM如何创建一个service：
#define SVCNAME TEXT("EricTestService")
int _tmain(int argc, PTSTR argv[], PTSTR env[])
{
DWORD errcode = 0;
SC_HANDLE hManager = NULL;
SC_HANDLE hService = NULL;
setlocale(LC_ALL, "CHS");
// Open SCManager
hManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (NULL == hManager) {
errcode = GetLastError();
_tprintf(TEXT("Open service manager failed. Reason: %s\n"), utils_format_error_string(errcode));
goto failed;
}
// create service
hService = CreateService(
hManager, // SCM database
SVCNAME, // name of service
SVCNAME, // service name to display
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, // desired access
SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, // service type
SERVICE_AUTO_START, // start type
SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, // error control type
TEXT("C:\\ScheduleDownload\\Practise\\TestServ\\Debug\\TestServ.exe"), // path to service's binary
NULL, // no load ordering group
NULL, // no tag identifier
NULL, // no dependencies
NULL, // LocalSystem account
NULL); // no password
if (NULL == hService) {
errcode = GetLastError();
_tprintf(TEXT("Create service failed. Reason: %s\n"), utils_format_error_string(errcode));
CloseServiceHandle(hManager);
goto failed;
}
CloseServiceHandle(hService);
CloseServiceHandle(hManager);
return 0;
failed:
// wait key
_getch();
return 1;
}
int _tmain(int argc, PTSTR argv[], PTSTR env[])
{
DWORD errcode = 0;
SC_HANDLE hManager = NULL;
SC_HANDLE hService = NULL;
setlocale(LC_ALL, "CHS");
// Open SCManager
hManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (NULL == hManager) {
errcode = GetLastError();
_tprintf(TEXT("Open service manager failed. Reason: %s\n"), utils_format_error_string(errcode));
goto failed;
}
// create service
hService = CreateService(
hManager, // SCM database
SVCNAME, // name of service
SVCNAME, // service name to display
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, // desired access
SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, // service type
SERVICE_AUTO_START, // start type
SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, // error control type
TEXT("C:\\ScheduleDownload\\Practise\\TestServ\\Debug\\TestServ.exe"), // path to service's binary
NULL, // no load ordering group
NULL, // no tag identifier
NULL, // no dependencies
NULL, // LocalSystem account
NULL); // no password
if (NULL == hService) {
errcode = GetLastError();
_tprintf(TEXT("Create service failed. Reason: %s\n"), utils_format_error_string(errcode));
CloseServiceHandle(hManager);
goto failed;
}
CloseServiceHandle(hService);
CloseServiceHandle(hManager);
return 0;
failed:
// wait key
_getch();
return 1;
}
这就比较简单了，使用OpenSCManager打开SCM，使用CreateService创建一个service，此时在windows的服务中就能看到了。start type中，设定为SERVICE_AUTO_START就会在开机时启动（不需要用户登录就会启动的，已经测试过了）。其他的函数比如StartService/DeleteService/QueryService...看看MSDN就OK了。