xml模块

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过，古时候，在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml呀，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

 1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
 2 <data>
 3     <country name="Liechtenstein">
 4         <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
 5         <year>2008</year>
 6         <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
 7         <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
 8         <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
 9     </country>
10     <country name="Singapore">
11         <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
12         <year>2011</year>
13         <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
14         <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
15     </country>
16     <country name="Panama">
17         <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
18         <year>2011</year>
19         <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
20         <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
21         <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
22     </country>
23 </data>

xml协议在各个语言里的都是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml：

 1 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 2  
 3 tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
 4 root = tree.getroot()
 5 print(root.tag)
 6  
 7 #遍历xml文档
 8 for child in root:
 9     print(child.tag, child.attrib)
10     for i in child:
11         print(i.tag,i.text)
12  
13 #只遍历year 节点
14 for node in root.iter('year'):
15     print(node.tag,node.text)
16 #---------------------------------------
17 
18 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
19  
20 tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
21 root = tree.getroot()
22  
23 #修改
24 for node in root.iter('year'):
25     new_year = int(node.text) + 1
26     node.text = str(new_year)
27     node.set("updated","yes")
28  
29 tree.write("xmltest.xml")
30  
31  
32 #删除node
33 for country in root.findall('country'):
34    rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
35    if rank > 50:
36      root.remove(country)
37  
38 tree.write('output.xml')

自己创建xml文档：

 1 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 2  
 3  
 4 new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")
 5 name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
 6 age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
 7 sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")
 8 sex.text = '33'
 9 name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
10 age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")
11 age.text = '19'
12  
13 et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
14 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)
15  
16 ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式