[Objective-C语言教程]关系运算符(8)

运算符是一个符号,告诉编译器执行特定的数学或逻辑操作。 Objective-C语言内置很多运算符,提供如下类型的运算符 -

  • 算术运算符
  • 关系运算符
  • 逻辑运算符
  • 按位运算符
  • 分配运算符
  • 其它运算符

本教程将逐一解释算术,关系,逻辑,按位,赋值和其他运算符。

1. 算术运算符

下表显示了Objective-C语言支持的所有算术运算符。 假设变量A=10,变量B=20,则 -

运算符描述示例
+ 两个操作数相加 A + B = 30
- 从第一个减去第二个操作数 A - B = -10
* 两个操作数相乘 A * B = 200
/ 分子除以分母 B / A = 2
% 模数运算符,整数除法后的余数 B % A = 0
++ 递增运算符,将整数值增加1 A++,结果为11
-- 递减运算符,将整数值减1 A--,结果为9

算术运算符示例

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 int main() {
 4    int a = 21;
 5    int b = 10;
 6    int c ;
 7 
 8    c = a + b;
 9    NSLog(@"Line 1 - Value of c is %d
", c );
10    c = a - b;
11    NSLog(@"Line 2 - Value of c is %d
", c );
12    c = a * b;
13    NSLog(@"Line 3 - Value of c is %d
", c );
14    c = a / b;
15    NSLog(@"Line 4 - Value of c is %d
", c );
16    c = a % b;
17    NSLog(@"Line 5 - Value of c is %d
", c );
18    c = a++; 
19    NSLog(@"Line 6 - Value of c is %d
", c );
20    c = a--; 
21    NSLog(@"Line 7 - Value of c is %d
", c );
22 }

执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:

1 2018-11-14 04:55:08.592 main[143613] Line 1 - Value of c is 31
2 2018-11-14 04:55:08.593 main[143613] Line 2 - Value of c is 11
3 2018-11-14 04:55:08.593 main[143613] Line 3 - Value of c is 210
4 2018-11-14 04:55:08.593 main[143613] Line 4 - Value of c is 2
5 2018-11-14 04:55:08.593 main[143613] Line 5 - Value of c is 1
6 2018-11-14 04:55:08.593 main[143613] Line 6 - Value of c is 21
7 2018-11-14 04:55:08.593 main[143613] Line 7 - Value of c is 22

2. 关系运算符

下表显示了Objective-C语言支持的所有关系运算符。假设变量A=10,变量B=20,则 -

运算符描述示例
== 比较两个操作数的值是否相等; 如果相等,则条件成立。 (A == B)结果为:false
!= 比较两个操作数的值是否相等; 如果不相等,则条件成立。 (A != B)结果为:true
> 比较左操作数的值是否大于右操作数的值; 如果是,则条件成立。 (A > B)结果为:false
< 比较左操作数的值是否小于右操作数的值; 如果是,则条件成立。 (A < B)结果为:true
>= 比较左操作数的值是否大于等于右操作数的值; 如果是,则条件成立。 (A >= B)结果为:false
<= 比较左操作数的值是否小于等于右操作数的值; 如果是,则条件成立。 (A <= B)结果为:true

关系运算符示例

 1  Live Demo
 2 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 3 
 4 int main() {
 5    int a = 21;
 6    int b = 10;
 7 
 8    if( a == b ) {
 9       NSLog(@"Line 1 - a is equal to b
" );
10    } else {
11       NSLog(@"Line 1 - a is not equal to b
" );
12    }
13 
14    if ( a < b ) {
15       NSLog(@"Line 2 - a is less than b
" );
16    } else {
17       NSLog(@"Line 2 - a is not less than b
" );
18    } 
19 
20    if ( a > b ) {
21       NSLog(@"Line 3 - a is greater than b
" );
22    } else {
23       NSLog(@"Line 3 - a is not greater than b
" );
24    }
25 
26    /* Lets change value of a and b */
27    a = 5;
28    b = 20;
29 
30    if ( a <= b ) {
31       NSLog(@"Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b
" );
32    }
33 
34    if ( b >= a ) {
35       NSLog(@"Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to b
" );
36    }
37 }

执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:

1 2018-11-14 05:01:20.415 main[49282] Line 1 - a is not equal to b
2 2018-11-14 05:01:20.417 main[49282] Line 2 - a is not less than b
3 2018-11-14 05:01:20.417 main[49282] Line 3 - a is greater than b
4 2018-11-14 05:01:20.417 main[49282] Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b
5 2018-11-14 05:01:20.417 main[49282] Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to b

3. 逻辑运算符

下表显示了Objective-C语言支持的所有逻辑运算符。 假设变量A=1,而变量B=0,则 -

运算符描述示例
&& 逻辑“与”运算符。 如果两个操作数都不为零,则条件成立。 (A && B)结果为:false
ΙΙ 逻辑“或”运算符。如果两个操作数中的任何一个不为零,则条件变为true (A ΙΙ B)结果为:true
! 逻辑“非”运算符。 用于反转其操作数的逻辑状态。 如果条件为true,则逻辑“非”运算符后将为false !(A && B)结果为:true

逻辑运算符示例

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 int main() {
 4    int a = 5;
 5    int b = 20;
 6 
 7    if ( a && b ) {
 8       NSLog(@"Line 1 - Condition is true
" );
 9    }
10 
11    if ( a || b ) {
12       NSLog(@"Line 2 - Condition is true
" );
13    }
14 
15    /* lets change the value of  a and b */
16    a = 0;
17    b = 10;
18 
19    if ( a && b ) {
20       NSLog(@"Line 3 - Condition is true
" );
21    } else {
22       NSLog(@"Line 3 - Condition is not true
" );
23    }
24 
25    if ( !(a && b) ) {
26       NSLog(@"Line 4 - Condition is true
" );
27    }
28 }

执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:

1 2018-11-14 05:07:48.922 main[33387] Line 1 - Condition is true
2 2018-11-14 05:07:48.924 main[33387] Line 2 - Condition is true
3 2018-11-14 05:07:48.924 main[33387] Line 3 - Condition is not true
4 2018-11-14 05:07:48.924 main[33387] Line 4 - Condition is true

4. 按位运算符

按位运算符处理位并执行逐位运算。 |^的真值表如下 -

假设A = 60B = 13,现在以二进制格式,它们按位运算将如下 -

A = 0011 1100

B = 0000 1101

-----------------

A&B = 0000 1100

A|B = 0011 1101

A^B = 0011 0001

~A  = 1100 0011

Objective-C语言支持按位运算符。假设变量A=60,变量B=13,如下表所示 -

运算符描述示例
& 二进制AND运算符,如果两个操作数同位上存在1,则它会将结果复制到结果中。 (A & B) = 12, 也就是:0000 1100
Ι 二进制OR运算符,如果存在于任一操作数中,则复制1位。 (A Ι B) = 12 , 也就是:0011 1101
^ 二进制异或运算符,如果在一个操作数中设置,但不在两个操作数中设置,则复制该位。 (A ^ B) = 49, 也就是:0011 0001
~ 二元补语运算符是一元的,具有“翻转”位的效果。 (~A )结果为:-61, 也就是:1100 0011
<< 二进制左移运算符。左操作数值向左移动右操作数指定的位数。 A << 2 = 240, 也就是:1111 0000
>> 二进制右移运算符。左操作数值向右移动右操作数指定的位数。 A >> 2 = 15, 也就是:0000 1111

按位运算符示例

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 int main() {
 4    unsigned int a = 60;    /* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
 5    unsigned int b = 13;    /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
 6    int c = 0;           
 7 
 8    c = a & b;          /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ 
 9    NSLog(@"Line 1 - Value of c is %d
", c );
10 
11    c = a | b;           /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
12    NSLog(@"Line 2 - Value of c is %d
", c );
13 
14    c = a ^ b;           /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
15    NSLog(@"Line 3 - Value of c is %d
", c );
16 
17    c = ~a;              /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
18    NSLog(@"Line 4 - Value of c is %d
", c );
19 
20    c = a << 2;          /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
21    NSLog(@"Line 5 - Value of c is %d
", c );
22 
23    c = a >> 2;          /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
24    NSLog(@"Line 6 - Value of c is %d
", c );
25 }

执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果结果:

1 2018-11-14 05:10:38.700 main[158736] Line 1 - Value of c is 12
2 2018-11-14 05:10:38.702 main[158736] Line 2 - Value of c is 61
3 2018-11-14 05:10:38.702 main[158736] Line 3 - Value of c is 49
4 2018-11-14 05:10:38.702 main[158736] Line 4 - Value of c is -61
5 2018-11-14 05:10:38.702 main[158736] Line 5 - Value of c is 240
6 2018-11-14 05:10:38.702 main[158736] Line 6 - Value of c is 15

5. 赋值运算符

Objective-C语言支持以下赋值运算符 -

运算符描述示例
= 简单赋值运算符,将右侧操作数的值分配给左侧操作数 C = A + B是将A + B的值分配给C
+= 相加和赋值运算符,它将右操作数添加到左操作数并将结果赋给左操作数 C += A 相当于 C = C + A
-= 相减和赋值运算符,它从左操作数中减去右操作数,并将结果赋给左操作数 C -= A 相当于 C = C - A
*= 相乘和赋值运算符,它将右操作数与左操作数相乘,并将结果赋给左操作数 C *= A 相当于 C = C * A
/= 除以和赋值运算符,它将左操作数除以右操作数,并将结果赋给左操作数 C /= A 相当于 C = C / A
%= 模数和赋值运算符,它使用两个操作数获取模数,并将结果赋给左操作数 C %= A 相当于 C = C % A
<<= 左移和赋值运算符 C <<= 2 相当于 C = C << 2
>>= 右移和赋值运算符 C >>= 2 相当于 C = C >> 2
&= 按位并赋值运算符 C &= 2 相当于 C = C & 2
^= 按位异或和赋值运算符 C ^= 2 相当于 C = C ^ 2
Ι 按位包含OR和赋值运算符 C Ι= 2 相当于 C = C Ι 2

赋值运算符示例

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 int main() {
 4    int a = 21;
 5    int c ;
 6 
 7    c =  a;
 8    NSLog(@"Line 1 - =  Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
 9 
10    c +=  a;
11    NSLog(@"Line 2 - += Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
12 
13    c -=  a;
14    NSLog(@"Line 3 - -= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
15 
16    c *=  a;
17    NSLog(@"Line 4 - *= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
18 
19    c /=  a;
20    NSLog(@"Line 5 - /= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
21 
22    c  = 200;
23    c %=  a;
24    NSLog(@"Line 6 - %= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
25 
26    c <<=  2;
27    NSLog(@"Line 7 - <<= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
28 
29    c >>=  2;
30    NSLog(@"Line 8 - >>= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
31 
32    c &=  2;
33    NSLog(@"Line 9 - &= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
34 
35    c ^=  2;
36    NSLog(@"Line 10 - ^= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
37 
38    c |=  2;
39    NSLog(@"Line 11 - |= Operator Example, Value of c = %d
", c );
40 
41 }

执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:

 1 2018-11-14 05:14:03.383 main[149970] Line 1 - =  Operator Example, Value of c = 21
 2 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 2 - += Operator Example, Value of c = 42
 3 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 3 - -= Operator Example, Value of c = 21
 4 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 4 - *= Operator Example, Value of c = 441
 5 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 5 - /= Operator Example, Value of c = 21
 6 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 6 - %= Operator Example, Value of c = 11
 7 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 7 - <<= Operator Example, Value of c = 44
 8 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 8 - >>= Operator Example, Value of c = 11
 9 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 9 - &= Operator Example, Value of c = 2
10 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 10 - ^= Operator Example, Value of c = 0
11 2018-11-14 05:14:03.385 main[149970] Line 11 - |= Operator Example, Value of c = 2

6. 其他运算符:sizeof和三元运算符

还有其他一些重要的运算符,包括sizeof?:三元运算符,Objective-C语言也都支持。

运算符描述示例
sizeof() 返回变量的大小 sizeof(a), 这里如果变量a是整数,则将返回:4
& 返回变量的地址。 &a将返回变量的实际地址。
* 指向变量的指针。 *a将指向变量。
? : 条件表达式 如果条件为真?然后是X值:否则为Y

sizeof和三元运算符示例

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 int main() {
 4    int a = 4;
 5    short b;
 6    double c;
 7    int* ptr;
 8 
 9    /* example of sizeof operator */
10    NSLog(@"Line 1 - Size of variable a = %d
", sizeof(a) );
11    NSLog(@"Line 2 - Size of variable b = %d
", sizeof(b) );
12    NSLog(@"Line 3 - Size of variable c= %d
", sizeof(c) );
13 
14    /* example of & and * operators */
15    ptr = &a;    /* 'ptr' now contains the address of 'a'*/
16    NSLog(@"value of a is  %d
", a);
17    NSLog(@"*ptr is %d.
", *ptr);
18 
19    /* example of ternary operator */
20    a = 10;
21    b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
22    NSLog(@"Value of b is %d
", b );
23 
24    b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
25    NSLog(@"Value of b is %d
", b );
26 }

执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:

1 2018-11-14 05:18:49.270 main[174436] Line 1 - Size of variable a = 4
2 2018-11-14 05:18:49.271 main[174436] Line 2 - Size of variable b = 2
3 2018-11-14 05:18:49.271 main[174436] Line 3 - Size of variable c= 8
4 2018-11-14 05:18:49.271 main[174436] value of a is  4
5 2018-11-14 05:18:49.271 main[174436] *ptr is 4.
6 2018-11-14 05:18:49.272 main[174436] Value of b is 30
7 2018-11-14 05:18:49.272 main[174436] Value of b is 20

Objective-C运算符优先级

运算符优先级确定表达式中的术语分组。这会影响表达式的计算方式。 某些运算符优先级高于其他运算符; 例如,乘法运算符的优先级高于加法运算符 -

例如,x = 7 + 3 * 2; 这里,x被赋值为13,而不是20,因为 *运算符的优先级高于+运算符,所以它首先乘以3 * 2然后加上7

此处,具有最高优先级的运算符显示在下表的顶部,具有最低优先级的运算符显示在下表底部。 在表达式中,将首先评估更高优先级的运算符。

分类运算符关联性
后缀 () [] -> . ++ -- 左到右
一元 + - ! ~ ++ -- (type)* & sizeof 右到左
相乘 * / % 左到右
相加 + - 左到右
位移 << >> 左到右
关系 < <= > >= 左到右
相等 == != 左到右
按位XOR ^ 左到右
按位OR Ι 左到右
逻辑AND && 左到右
逻辑OR ΙΙ 左到右
条件 ?: 右到左
分配 = += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= Ι= 右到左
逗号 , 左到右
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/strengthen/p/10562959.html