题解 P5175 【数列】

luoguP5175 数列

[nleq 10^{18} ]

这摆明要用矩阵……

[ans=sum_{i=1}^na_i^2 ]

[a_n=xcdot a_{n-1}+ycdot a_{n-2}Rightarrow ]

[a_n^2=x^2a_{n-1}^2+2xycdot a_{n-1}a_{n-2}+y^2a_{n-2}^2 ]

所以我们可以知道

[color{red}{Once;we;kown;the;number;of;a_{n-1};,;a_{n-2};and;a_{n-1}cdot a_{n-2},} ]

[color{green}{we;can;get;the;number;of;a_{n}} ]

所以我们自然而然地想到构造矩阵

设S(n)=ans(n);

[egin{bmatrix}S_n\a_{n+1}^2\a_{n+1}cdot a_{n}\a_{n}^2end{bmatrix} = egin{bmatrix} 1&;1&;0&;0 \ 0 &;x^2&;2cdot xy&;y^2 \ 0&;x&;y&;0 \ 0&;1&;0&;0 end{bmatrix} imes egin{bmatrix}S_{n-1}\a_{n}^2\a_{n}cdot a_{n-1}\a_{n-1}^2end{bmatrix} ]

然后我们最初的矩阵是

[egin{bmatrix}S_{1}\a_{2}^2\a_{2}cdot a_{1}\a_{1}^2end{bmatrix} ]

所以答案就是初始矩阵乘以n-1次构造矩阵


#include<cstdio>
#define ll long long
const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;

struct matrix {
	ll va[5][5];
	int line, cross;
	void Mem() {
		for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
			for (int j = 1; j <= 4; j++) {
				va[i][j] = 0;
			}
		}
		return ;
	}
};

matrix operator *(const matrix &a, const matrix &b) {
	matrix c;
	c.Mem();
	for (int i = 1; i <= a.line; i++) {
		for (int k = 1; k <= a.cross; k++) {
			for (int j = 1; j <= b.cross; j++) {
				c.va[i][j] = (c.va[i][j] + a.va[i][k] * b.va[k][j] % mod) % mod;
			}
		}
	}
	c.line = a.line;
	c.cross = b.cross;
	return c;
}

int Starseven(void) {
	int t;
	read(t);
	matrix ans, txt;
	while(t--) {
		ll n, a1, a2, x, y;
		read(n);
		read(a1);
		read(a2);
		read(x);
		read(y);
		if(n == 1) {
			ll ott = a1 * a1 % mod; 
			write(ott);
			puts("");
			continue;
		}
		else if(n == 2) {
			ll ott = a1 * a1 % mod + a2 * a2 % mod;
			ott %= mod;
			write(ott);
			puts("");
			continue;
		}
		ans.Mem();
		txt.Mem();
		
		ans.line = 4;
		ans.cross = 1;
		ans.va[1][1] = a1 * a1 % mod;
		ans.va[2][1] = a2 * a2 % mod;
		ans.va[3][1] = a2 * a1 % mod;
		ans.va[4][1] = a1 * a1 % mod;
		
		txt.line = 4;
		txt.cross = 4;
		txt.va[1][1] = 1ll;
		txt.va[1][2] = 1ll;
		txt.va[2][2] = x * x % mod;
		txt.va[2][3] = 2ll * x % mod * y % mod;
		txt.va[2][4] = y * y % mod;
		txt.va[3][2] = x;
		txt.va[3][3] = y;
		txt.va[4][2] = 1ll;
		
		n -= 1ll;
		while(n) {
			if(n & 1ll) ans = txt * ans;
			n >>= 1ll;
			txt = txt * txt;
		}
		write(ans.va[1][1]);
		puts("");
	}
	return 0;	
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/starseven/p/13561781.html