使役动词

前言

使役动词本质上是非谓语中不定式(to do)。只不过使役动词省略了to。

You have just bought a new house,but it needs a little renovation.

What will you have done? What will you do yourself?

What will you have done?这是什么意思?是现在完成时态吗?不是的have在这里作使役动词!

意思=你将需要别人帮你做什么?

站在老板或者命令者的角度你就会使用使役动词。

使役动词前面的主语(老板),除了安排宾语变得怎么样,不对宾语任何事情。

What will you do yourself? 你自己将做什么?

在轮流发言的场景主持人可能会说。

Now,we have Martin introduce himself. 

领导在分配任务时也许会这么说.。

We will have task1 done by Martin. 

We will have task2 done by Tom. 

We should have task2 done by Tina. 

其实Have sth done 就等于 ask sb to do sth。

使役动词是什么?

役:服兵役、服徭役,使役就是使sb去干某事的意思。

使役动词(Causative verb)是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词

在动词变非谓语时使役动词后面的动词可以省略to do中的to。

典型的使役动词

典型的使役动词有leave(离开).get(得到).make(使,令),let(让),have(有;让;从事;允许;拿)等。

我在这里就是遇到一个整理一个。

have

have作助动词构成完成时态

现在完成时态(have + done):某个时间点之前做了一个动作,但是这个动作发生之后对这个时间点造成了影响。

过去完成时态(had + done):就是现在之前的某个时间点做了一个动作,对现在造成了影响

过去完成进行时(have + been + doing):就是过去的过去做了一个动作,对现在造成了影响,还要持续到将来。

have作实意动词

have作实意动词可以表示以下意思。

表示own某人拥有什么东西,某地有什么东西there be!
I don't have any house in Beinjing.
I don't have girl firend.

有病
I don't have any illness.
I don't have headache.

有时间上的安排
I have an interview.
I have a party with you.
I have a date.
I have an appointment.

吃喝
I have dinner.
I have a drink/milk/offee.

have使役动词

have作使役动词就是使什么怎么样,have=“让/使“的意思。

使役动词前面的主语只是安排 什么怎么样这件事情发生。

have作使役动词+宾补 有3种用法它们要表达的意思不同。

主语 + have + 宾语 + do sth      表:主语 使/让 sb 主动去做某事           
主语 + have + 宾语 + doing sth   表:主语 使/让 sb 主动、持续地去做某事。    
主语 + have + 宾语 + done sth    表:主语 使/让 sb 被动去做某事。 

1.主语 + have + 宾语 + do sth

The teacher had us hand our homework on time.

I have my dog sit down.

I have decorator paint my house.
 Please have him come here.
 请叫他到这里来。

2.主语 + have + 宾语 + doing sth

I had my light burning all night yesterday.
昨晚,我让我的灯开了一晚上。

An effective leadership has everyone working toward a common goal.
成功的领导能力能使我们每一个人朝着一个共同目标而努力。

3.主语 + have + 宾语+ done sth

如果宾语和宾语补足语之间存在被动关系我们就使用主语 + have + 宾语+ done sth。

直译过来就是:  主语让什么被怎么样 被谁? 其实就是使/让 什么怎么样!只不过就是宾语和宾语补足语之间存在被动关系。

Have something done 让什么被怎么样?=Ask sb to do sth 让别人去做某事,不是你自己干的

have something done by somebody  让什么被某人怎么样?

例如: 
I should
have my house completely redesined by a professional designer.
我应该让1个专业设计师重新设计我的房子。
我应该使我的放在彻底重新设计一下,找谁设计呢?找一个专业的设计师呀!肯定不是我来设计。
我的房子(宾语) 和设计这个动作之间是被动关系
我(主语)和设计这个动作之间 没有任何关系
我(主语)只是 让/使 房子(宾语)被设计这件事情发生。
设计房子的不是我而是专业设计师

I should have my car quickly repaired by repairer.
我应该让我的车马上被修理工修好。

1.我和修车这个动作没有任何关系,我就是让/使 我的车被修好这件事情发生。
2.修车这个味动作和车是被动关系。

She repair the roof. = she repaird it heself.
She had the roof repaird.= she arrangred for somebody else to repair it.
We should have the wall painted.
we should have the exterior painted.

May I have you cleaned your hair? 我能要求你洗洗你的头发吗?不太礼貌!
No,you can't.I enjoy my style. 不行我有我风格!

Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪里剪的头发?
I had my hair cut in Tony's studio. 我在Tony老师那里剪的发。

Did you make those curtains yourself? 你是自己做的窗帘吗?
Yes,I like making cortains.       是我自己做的!

Did you have those curtains made? 你是让别人帮你做的窗帘?
No,I made them myself.      不是的,我是自己做的!

有例外

如果宾语是本属于我的东西,宾语和宾语补足 之前存在被动关系?

你也可以使用have something done,但是意思会有变化。

I had my wallet stolen while I was looking at the beatiful girl.  =My wallet was stolen.
我的钱包被偷了。
我们肯定不能翻译成:我(主语)让/使 我的钱包被别人偷走这件事。

Gary had his nose broken in a fight. =Gary was broken his nose in a fight.
Gary在打架的时候鼻子被打破了。

Have you ever had you bike tolen?
你的自车车被偷过吗?

参考

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sss4/p/14644841.html