OPENCV(5) —— 图像直方图

新版本对直方图不再使用之前的histogram的形式，而是用统一的Mat或者MatND的格式来存储直方图，可见新版本Mat数据结构的优势。

C++: void calcHist(const Mat* images, int nimages, const int* channels, InputArray mask, OutputArray hist, intdims, const int* histSize, const float** ranges, bool uniform=true, bool accumulate=false )

计算直方图

Parameters:

images – Source arrays. They all should have the same depth, CV_8U or CV_32F , and the same size. Each of them can have an arbitrary number of channels.
nimages – Number of source images.
channels – List of the dims channels used to compute the histogram. The first array channels are numerated from 0 to images[0].channels()-1 , the second array channels are counted fromimages[0].channels() to images[0].channels() + images[1].channels()-1, and so on.
mask – Optional mask. If the matrix is not empty, it must be an 8-bit array of the same size asimages[i] . The non-zero mask elements mark the array elements counted in the histogram.
hist – Output histogram, which is a dense or sparse dims -dimensional array.
dims – Histogram dimensionality that must be positive and not greater than CV_MAX_DIMS (equal to 32 in the current OpenCV version).
histSize – Array of histogram sizes in each dimension.
ranges – Array of the dims arrays of the histogram bin boundaries in each dimension. When the histogram is uniform ( uniform =true), then for each dimension i it is enough to specify the lower (inclusive) boundary $L_0$ of the 0-th histogram bin and the upper (exclusive) boundary $U_{ exttt{histSize}[i]-1}$ for the last histogram bin histSize[i]-1 . That is, in case of a uniform histogram each ofranges[i] is an array of 2 elements. When the histogram is not uniform ( uniform=false ), then each of ranges[i] contains histSize[i]+1 elements: $L_0, U_0=L_1, U_1=L_2, ..., U_{ exttt{histSize[i]}-2}=L_{ exttt{histSize[i]}-1}, U_{ exttt{histSize[i]}-1}$ . The array elements, that are not between $L_0$ and $U_{ exttt{histSize[i]}-1}$ , are not counted in the histogram.
uniform – Flag indicating whether the histogram is uniform or not (see above).
accumulate – Accumulation flag. If it is set, the histogram is not cleared in the beginning when it is allocated. This feature enables you to compute a single histogram from several sets of arrays, or to update the histogram in time.

void rectangle(Mat& img, Point pt1, Point pt2, const Scalar& color, int thickness=1, int lineType=8, intshift=0)

画矩形

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>

using namespace cv;

int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    Mat src, hsv;
    
    /* if( argc != 2 || !(src=imread(argv[1], 1)).data )
        return -1; */

    src=imread("zhang.jpg", 1);

    cvtColor(src, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV);

    // Quantize the hue to 30 levels
    // and the saturation to 32 levels
    int hbins = 30, sbins = 32;        // bin 步长

    int histSize[] = {hbins, sbins};
    // hue varies from 0 to 179, see cvtColor
    float hranges[] = { 0, 180 };
    // saturation varies from 0 (black-gray-white) to
    // 255 (pure spectrum color)
    float sranges[] = { 0, 256 };
    const float* ranges[] = { hranges, sranges };    
    MatND hist;
    // we compute the histogram from the 0-th and 1-st channels
    int channels[] = {0, 1};   // --- hue && saturation

    calcHist( &hsv, 1, channels, Mat(), // do not use mask
        hist, 2, histSize, ranges,
        true, // the histogram is uniform
        false );
    double maxVal=0;
    minMaxLoc(hist, 0, &maxVal, 0, 0);  // Finds the global minimum and maximum in an array.
        // void minMaxLoc(InputArray src, double* minVal, double* maxVal=0, Point* minLoc=0, Point* maxLoc=0, InputArray mask=noArray())

    // 直方图显示
    int scale = 10;
    Mat histImg = Mat::zeros(sbins*scale, hbins*10, CV_8UC3);

    for( int h = 0; h < hbins; h++ )
        for( int s = 0; s < sbins; s++ )
        {
            float binVal = hist.at<float>(h, s);
            int intensity = cvRound(binVal*255/maxVal);
            rectangle( histImg, Point(h*scale, s*scale),
                Point( (h+1)*scale - 1, (s+1)*scale - 1),
                Scalar::all(intensity),    // 二维直方图，颜色之深浅代表出现个数之多寡
                CV_FILLED );
        }

        namedWindow( "Source", 1 );
        imshow( "Source", src );

        namedWindow( "H-S Histogram", 1 );
        imshow( "H-S Histogram", histImg );
        waitKey();
}

C++: void equalizeHist(InputArray src, OutputArray dst)

直方图均衡化

Parameters:

src – Source 8-bit single channel image.
dst – Destination image of the same size and type as src .

The function equalizes the histogram of the input image using the following algorithm:

Calculate the histogram $H$ for src .

Normalize the histogram so that the sum of histogram bins is 255.

Compute the integral of the histogram:
$H'_i = sum _{0 le j < i} H(j)$

Transform the image using $H'$ as a look-up table: $exttt{dst}(x,y) = H'( exttt{src}(x,y))$

compareHist
double compareHist(const SparseMat& H1, const SparseMat& H2, int method)
直方图比较
Parameters:

H1 – First compared histogram.
H2 – Second compared histogram of the same size as H1 .
method –
Comparison method that could be one of the following:

CV_COMP_CORREL Correlation 相关性相同为1，范围0<x<=1
CV_COMP_CHISQR Chi-Square 卡方相同为0 [0,inf)
CV_COMP_INTERSECT Intersection 直方图交，数值越大越相似
CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA Bhattacharyya distance
CV_COMP_HELLINGER Synonym for CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA Bhattacharyya 距离，相同为0 [0,inf)

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include "stdio.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    Mat src1, src2,dst;
    Mat hsv1,hsv2;
    MatND hist1,hist2;
    

    src1=imread("zhang.jpg", 1);
    src2=imread("zhou.jpg",1);
    cvtColor(src1,hsv1,CV_RGB2HSV);
    cvtColor(src2,hsv2,CV_RGB2HSV);

    int hbins=30,sbins=32;
    int histSize[]={hbins,sbins};

    float hranges[]={0,180};
    float sranges[]={0,256};
    const float* ranges[]={hranges,sranges};

    
    int channels[]={0,1};

    calcHist(&hsv1,1,channels,Mat(),hist1,2,histSize,ranges,true,false);
    calcHist(&hsv2,1,channels,Mat(),hist2,2,histSize,ranges,true,false);


    double temp;
    temp=compareHist(hist1,hist2,CV_COMP_CORREL);
    cout<<"CV_COMP_CORREL  "<<temp<<endl;

    temp=compareHist(hist1,hist2,CV_COMP_CHISQR);
    cout<<"CV_COMP_CHISQR  "<<temp<<endl;

    temp=compareHist(hist1,hist2,CV_COMP_INTERSECT);
    cout<<"CV_COMP_INTERSECT  "<<temp<<endl;

    temp=compareHist(hist1,hist2,CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA);
    cout<<"CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA  "<<temp<<endl;


    namedWindow("src1");
    imshow("src1",src1);

    namedWindow("src2");
    imshow("src2",src2);

    waitKey();

    cvDestroyAllWindows();
    return 0;
}

遇到 ~ 编译器错误 C2078

初始值设定项的数目超过了要初始化的对象数。

// C2078.cpp
int main() {
   int d[2] = {1, 2, 3};   // C2078
   int e[2] = {1, 2};   // OK

   char a[]={"a", "b"};   // C2078
   char *b[]={"a", "b"};   // OK
   char c[]={'a', 'b'};   // OK
}