Windows服务安装与控制
1、建立服务
（1）定义一个ServiceInstaller
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace WindowService { [System.ComponentModel.RunInstaller(true)] public class ServiceInstaller : System.Configuration.Install.Installer { System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller processInstaller; System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller; public ServiceInstaller() { processInstaller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller(); processInstaller.Account = System.ServiceProcess.ServiceAccount.LocalSystem; Installers.Add(processInstaller); serviceInstaller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller(); serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "000000000"; serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "000000000"; serviceInstaller.StartType = System.ServiceProcess.ServiceStartMode.Automatic; Installers.Add(serviceInstaller); } protected override void OnAfterInstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState) { base.OnAfterInstall(savedState); } } }
（2）定义一个服务
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using System.ServiceProcess; using System.Text; namespace WindowService { partial class Service : ServiceBase { public Service() { InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnStart(string[] args) { // TODO: 在此处添加代码以启动服务。 } protected override void OnStop() { // TODO: 在此处添加代码以执行停止服务所需的关闭操作。 } } }
（3）定义自己的安装方式：
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Text; namespace WindowService { public class ServiceMaster { static string appPath = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location; public static void Main(string[] args) { if (args != null && args.Length > 0) { if (args[0] == "-i") { InstallService(); } else if (args[0] == "-u") { UninstallService(); } } else { var s = new Service() { ServiceName = "aaaaa" }; Service.Run(s); } } public static void InstallService() { System.Configuration.Install.ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { appPath }); } public static void UninstallService() { System.Configuration.Install.ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "-u", appPath }); } } }
安装时，使用管理员权限运行cmd，输入程序带参数"-i"执行即可安装。这是使用的ManagedInstallerClass类的安装。接下来对上面这个服务使用另一种安装方式。
2、Windows Api安装方式。
（1）辅助类的设计
using System; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace Yihe.Service { #region 异常定义 /// <summary> /// 服务不存在异常 /// </summary> public class ServiceNotExistException : ApplicationException { public ServiceNotExistException() : base("服务不存在！") { } public ServiceNotExistException(string message) : base(message) { } } #endregion #region 枚举定义 /// <summary> /// 服务启动类型 /// </summary> public enum ServiceStartType { Boot, System, Auto, Manual, Disabled } /// <summary> /// 服务运行帐户 /// </summary> public enum ServiceAccount { LocalSystem, LocalService, NetworkService, } #endregion /// <summary> /// Windows 服务辅助类 /// </summary> public static class ServiceHelper { #region 公开方法 /// <summary> /// 安装服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param> /// <param name="displayName">友好名称</param> /// <param name="binaryFilePath">映像文件路径，可带参数</param> /// <param name="description">服务描述</param> /// <param name="startType">启动类型</param> /// <param name="account">启动账户</param> /// <param name="dependencies">依赖服务</param> public static void Install(string serviceName, string displayName, string binaryFilePath, string description, ServiceStartType startType, ServiceAccount account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem, string[] dependencies = null) { IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager(); IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero; try { service = Win32Class.CreateService(scm, serviceName, displayName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, Win32Class.SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, startType, Win32Class.SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, binaryFilePath, null, IntPtr.Zero, ProcessDependencies(dependencies), GetServiceAccountName(account), null); if (service == IntPtr.Zero) { if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() == 0x431)//ERROR_SERVICE_EXISTS { throw new ApplicationException("服务已存在！"); } throw new ApplicationException("服务安装失败！"); } //设置服务描述 Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION sd = new Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION(); try { sd.description = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(description); Win32Class.ChangeServiceConfig2(service, 1, ref sd); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(sd.description); //释放 } } finally { if (service != IntPtr.Zero) { Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service); } Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm); } } /// <summary> /// 卸载服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param> public static void Uninstall(string serviceName) { IntPtr scmHandle = IntPtr.Zero; IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero; try { service = OpenService(serviceName, out scmHandle); StopService(service); //停止服务。里面会递归停止从属服务 if (!Win32Class.DeleteService(service) && Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0x430) //忽略已标记为删除的服务。ERROR_SERVICE_MARKED_FOR_DELETE { throw new ApplicationException("删除服务失败！"); } } catch (ServiceNotExistException) { } //忽略服务不存在的情况 finally { if (service != IntPtr.Zero) { Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service); Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);//放if里面是因为如果服务打开失败，在OpenService里就已释放SCM } } } #endregion #region 辅助方法 /// <summary> /// 转换帐户枚举为有效参数 /// </summary> public static string GetServiceAccountName(ServiceAccount account) { if (account == ServiceAccount.LocalService) { return @"NT AUTHORITYLocalService"; } if (account == ServiceAccount.NetworkService) { return @"NT AUTHORITYNetworkService"; } return null; } /// <summary> /// 处理依赖服务参数 /// </summary> public static string ProcessDependencies(string[] dependencies) { if (dependencies == null || dependencies.Length == 0) { return null; } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); foreach (string s in dependencies) { sb.Append(s).Append(' '); } sb.Append(' '); return sb.ToString(); } #endregion #region API 封装方法 /// <summary> /// 打开服务管理器 /// </summary> public static IntPtr OpenSCManager() { IntPtr scm = Win32Class.OpenSCManager(null, null, Win32Class.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); if (scm == IntPtr.Zero) { throw new ApplicationException("打开服务管理器失败！"); } return scm; } /// <summary> /// 打开服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param> /// <param name="scmHandle">服务管理器句柄。供调用者释放</param> public static IntPtr OpenService(string serviceName, out IntPtr scmHandle) { scmHandle = OpenSCManager(); IntPtr service = Win32Class.OpenService(scmHandle, serviceName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS); if (service == IntPtr.Zero) { int errCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle); //关闭SCM if (errCode == 0x424) //ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST { throw new ServiceNotExistException(); } throw new Win32Exception(); } return service; } private static bool ExistService(string serviceName) { IntPtr scmHandle = IntPtr.Zero; IntPtr handle = IntPtr.Zero; try { handle = OpenService(serviceName, out scmHandle); if (handle == IntPtr.Zero) { int errCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); if (errCode == 0x424) { return false; } } } catch (ServiceNotExistException e) { return false; } finally { Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle); //关闭SCM Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(handle); //关闭服务 } return true; } public static bool StartService(string serviceName, TimeSpan timeSpan) { if (!ExistService(serviceName)) return false; System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController sc = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController(serviceName); if (sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Running && sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.StartPending) { sc.Start(); } sc.WaitForStatus(System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Running, timeSpan); return sc.Status == System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Running; } public static bool StopService(string serviceName, TimeSpan timeSpan) { if (!ExistService(serviceName)) return false; System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController sc = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController(serviceName); if (sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped && sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending) { sc.Stop(); } sc.WaitForStatus(System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, timeSpan); var isok = sc.Status == System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped; sc.Close(); sc.Dispose(); return isok; } /// <summary> /// 停止服务 /// </summary> public static void StopService(IntPtr service) { ServiceState currState = GetServiceStatus(service); if (currState == ServiceState.Stopped) { return; } if (currState != ServiceState.StopPending) { //递归停止从属服务 string[] childSvs = EnumDependentServices(service, EnumServiceState.Active); if (childSvs.Length != 0) { IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager(); try { foreach (string childSv in childSvs) { StopService(Win32Class.OpenService(scm, childSv, Win32Class.SERVICE_STOP)); } } finally { Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm); } } Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS(); Win32Class.ControlService(service, Win32Class.SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, ref status); //发送停止指令 } if (!WaitForStatus(service, ServiceState.Stopped, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30))) { throw new ApplicationException("停止服务失败！"); } } /// <summary> /// 遍历从属服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceHandle"></param> /// <param name="state">选择性遍历（活动、非活动、全部）</param> public static string[] EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState state) { int bytesNeeded = 0; //存放从属服务的空间大小，由API返回 int numEnumerated = 0; //从属服务数，由API返回 //先尝试以空结构获取，如获取成功说明从属服务为空，否则拿到上述俩值 if (Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated)) { return new string[0]; } if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0xEA) //仅当错误值不是大小不够(ERROR_MORE_DATA)时才抛异常 { throw new Win32Exception(); } //在非托管区域创建指针 IntPtr structsStart = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(new IntPtr(bytesNeeded)); try { //往上述指针处塞存放从属服务的结构组，每个从属服务是一个结构 if (!Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, structsStart, bytesNeeded, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated)) { throw new Win32Exception(); } string[] dependentServices = new string[numEnumerated]; int sizeOfStruct = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS)); //每个结构的大小 long structsStartAsInt64 = structsStart.ToInt64(); for (int i = 0; i < numEnumerated; i++) { Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS structure = new Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS(); IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(structsStartAsInt64 + i * sizeOfStruct); //根据起始指针、结构次序和结构大小推算各结构起始指针 Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, structure); //根据指针拿到结构 dependentServices[i] = structure.serviceName; //从结构中拿到服务名 } return dependentServices; } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(structsStart); } } /// <summary> /// 获取服务状态 /// </summary> public static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(IntPtr service) { Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS(); if (!Win32Class.QueryServiceStatus(service, ref status)) { throw new ApplicationException("获取服务状态出错！"); } return status.currentState; } /// <summary> /// 等候服务至目标状态 /// </summary> public static bool WaitForStatus(IntPtr serviceHandle, ServiceState desiredStatus, TimeSpan timeout) { DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now; while (GetServiceStatus(serviceHandle) != desiredStatus) { if (DateTime.Now - startTime > timeout) { return false; } Thread.Sleep(200); } return true; } #endregion #region 嵌套类 /// <summary> /// Win32 API相关 /// </summary> private static class Win32Class { #region 常量定义 /// <summary> /// 打开服务管理器时请求的权限：全部 /// </summary> public const int SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF003F; /// <summary> /// 服务类型：自有进程类服务 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x10; /// <summary> /// 打开服务时请求的权限：全部 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF01FF; /// <summary> /// 打开服务时请求的权限：停止 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_STOP = 0x20; /// <summary> /// 服务操作标记：停止 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP = 0x1; /// <summary> /// 服务出错行为标记 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL = 0x1; #endregion #region API所需类和结构定义 /// <summary> /// 服务状态结构体 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct SERVICE_STATUS { public int serviceType; public ServiceState currentState; public int controlsAccepted; public int win32ExitCode; public int serviceSpecificExitCode; public int checkPoint; public int waitHint; } /// <summary> /// 服务描述结构体 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct SERVICE_DESCRIPTION { public IntPtr description; } /// <summary> /// 服务状态结构体。遍历API会用到 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public class ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS { public string serviceName; public string displayName; public int serviceType; public int currentState; public int controlsAccepted; public int win32ExitCode; public int serviceSpecificExitCode; public int checkPoint; public int waitHint; } #endregion #region API定义 [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig2(IntPtr serviceHandle, uint infoLevel, ref SERVICE_DESCRIPTION serviceDesc); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(string machineName, string databaseName, int dwDesiredAccess); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern IntPtr OpenService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, int dwDesiredAccess); [DllImport("advapi32.dll")] public static extern int StartService(IntPtr SVHANDLE, int dwNumServiceArgs, string lpServiceArgVectors); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr CreateService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, string lpDisplayName, int dwDesiredAccess, int dwServiceType, ServiceStartType dwStartType, int dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup, IntPtr lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lpServiceStartName, string lpPassword); [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success), DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool CloseServiceHandle(IntPtr handle); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool QueryServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool DeleteService(IntPtr serviceHandle); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool ControlService(IntPtr hService, int dwControl, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState serviceState, IntPtr bufferOfENUM_SERVICE_STATUS, int bufSize, ref int bytesNeeded, ref int numEnumerated); #endregion } #endregion /// <summary> /// 服务状态枚举。用于遍历从属服务API /// </summary> public enum EnumServiceState { Active = 1, InActive = 2, All = 3 } /// <summary> /// 服务状态 /// </summary> public enum ServiceState { Stopped = 1, StartPending = 2, StopPending = 3, Running = 4, ContinuePending = 5, PausePending = 6, Paused = 7 } } }
（2）测试例子：
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace Yihe.Service { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //安装服务 ServiceHelper.Install("aaaaa", "aaaaa", Application.StartupPath + "\WindowService.exe", "无描述", ServiceStartType.Auto); } private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //卸载服务 ServiceHelper.Uninstall("aaaaa"); } private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //启动服务 var isok = ServiceHelper.StartService("aaaaa", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)); MessageBox.Show("是否成功：" + isok.ToString()); } private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //停止服务 var isok = ServiceHelper.StopService("aaaaa", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)); MessageBox.Show("是否成功：" + isok.ToString()); } } }