跟我一起使用socket.io创建聊天应用


安装express插件

新建index.js

var app = require('express')();
var http = require('http').Server(app);

app.get('/', function(req, res){
  res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>');
});

http.listen(9000, function(){
  console.log('listening on *:9000');
});

使用node index.js运行
页面中展示

目前在index.js中我们是通过res.send返回一个HTML字符串,如果我们将整个应用的HTML代码都放到应用代码里,代码结构将变得混乱。
替代方法是新建一个index.html作为服务器响应

//index.js
var app = require('express')();
var http = require('http').Server(app);

app.get('/', function(req, res){
//   res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>');
res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html');
});

http.listen(9000, function(){
  console.log('listening on *:9000');
});

index.html中的内容为

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Socket.IO chat</title>
    <style>
      * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
      body { font: 13px Helvetica, Arial; }
      form { background: #000; padding: 3px; position: fixed; bottom: 0;  100%; }
      form input { border: 0; padding: 10px;  90%; margin-right: .5%; }
      form button {  9%; background: rgb(130, 224, 255); border: none; padding: 10px; }
      #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
      #messages li { padding: 5px 10px; }
      #messages li:nth-child(odd) { background: #eee; }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <ul id="messages"></ul>
    <form action="">
      <input id="m" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button>
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

重新运行为

我们发送消息里面什么反应都没有
我们在这个里面集成Socket.io
Socket.io由两部分组成:
一个服务端用于集成或挂载到Node.jsHTTP服务器:socket.io
一个加载到浏览器中的客户端:socket.io-client
开发环境下,socket.io会自动提供客户端,安装socket.io

在index.js中添加模块


var app = require('express')();
var http = require('http').Server(app);
var io = require('socket.io')(http);

app.get('/', function(req, res){
  res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html');
});

io.on('connection', function(socket){
  console.log('a user connected');
});

http.listen(9000, function(){
  console.log('listening on *:9000');
});

在index.html中添加

  <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script>
    var socket = io();
    </script>

现在index.html为

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Socket.IO chat</title>
    <style>
      * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
      body { font: 13px Helvetica, Arial; }
      form { background: #000; padding: 3px; position: fixed; bottom: 0;  100%; }
      form input { border: 0; padding: 10px;  90%; margin-right: .5%; }
      form button {  9%; background: rgb(130, 224, 255); border: none; padding: 10px; }
      #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
      #messages li { padding: 5px 10px; }
      #messages li:nth-child(odd) { background: #eee; }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <ul id="messages"></ul>
    <form action="">
      <input id="m" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button>
    </form>
    <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script>
    var socket = io();
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

运行效果为

socket.io的核心理念是允许发送,接收任意事件和任意数据,任意能被编码为JSON的对象都可以用于传输,二进制也是支持的
在客户端中,我们捕获 chat message 事件,并将消息添加到页面中。现在客户端代码应该如下:

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Socket.IO chat</title>
    <style>
      * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
      body { font: 13px Helvetica, Arial; }
      form { background: #000; padding: 3px; position: fixed; bottom: 0;  100%; }
      form input { border: 0; padding: 10px;  90%; margin-right: .5%; }
      form button {  9%; background: rgb(130, 224, 255); border: none; padding: 10px; }
      #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
      #messages li { padding: 5px 10px; }
      #messages li:nth-child(odd) { background: #eee; }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <ul id="messages"></ul>
    <form action="">
      <input id="m" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button>
    </form>
    <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.1.js"></script>
    <script>
    var socket = io();
    </script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            var socket = io();
            $('form').submit(function(){
            socket.emit('chat message', $('#m').val());
            $('#m').val('');
            return false;
            });
            socket.on('chat message', function(msg){
            $('#messages').append($('<li>').text(msg));
            });
        });
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

index的代码为


var app = require('express')();
var http = require('http').Server(app);
var io = require('socket.io')(http);

app.get('/', function(req, res){
  res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html');
});

io.on('connection', function(socket){
    socket.on('chat message', function(msg){
        io.emit('chat message', msg);
      });
});

http.listen(9000, function(){
  console.log('listening on *:9000');
});

运行项目为

本文学习自:https://www.w3cschool.cn/socket/socket-ulbj2eii.html

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/smart-girl/p/11354895.html