oracle行转列和列转行

目录[-]

一、行转列

1.1、初始测试数据

表结构:TEST_TB_GRADE

Sql代码:

1 create table TEST_TB_GRADE 
2 ( 
3   ID        NUMBER(10) not null, 
4   USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), 
5   COURSE    VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), 
6   SCORE     FLOAT 
7 )

初始数据如下图:

  

1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:

  

这就是最常见的行转列,主要原理是利用decode函数、聚集函数(sum),结合group by分组实现的,具体的sql如下:

Sql代码:

1 select t.user_name, 
2   sum(decode(t.course, '语文', score,null)) as CHINESE, 
3   sum(decode(t.course, '数学', score,null)) as MATH, 
4   sum(decode(t.course, '英语', score,null)) as ENGLISH 
5 from test_tb_grade t 
6 group by t.user_name 
7 order by t.user_name

1.3、延伸

如果要实现对各门功课的不同分数段进行统计,效果图如下:

      

具体的实现sql如下:
Sql代码:

 1 select t2.SCORE_GP, 
 2   sum(decode(t2.course, '语文', COUNTNUM,null)) as CHINESE, 
 3   sum(decode(t2.course, '数学', COUNTNUM,null)) as MATH, 
 4   sum(decode(t2.course, '英语', COUNTNUM,null)) as ENGLISH 
 5 from ( 
 6   select t.course, 
 7          case when t.score  <60 then '00-60' 
 8               when t.score >=60 and t.score <80  then '60-80' 
 9               when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end as SCORE_GP, 
10          count(t.score) as COUNTNUM 
11   FROM test_tb_grade t 
12   group by t.course,  
13         case when t.score  <60  then '00-60' 
14               when t.score >=60 and t.score <80  then '60-80' 
15               when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end 
16   order by t.course ) t2 
17 group by t2.SCORE_GP 
18 order by t2.SCORE_GP

二、列转行

1.1、初始测试数据

表结构: TEST_TB_GRADE2 
Sql代码:  
1 create table TEST_TB_GRADE2 
2 ( 
3   ID         NUMBER(10) not null, 
4   USER_NAME  VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), 
5   CN_SCORE   FLOAT, 
6   MATH_SCORE FLOAT, 
7   EN_SCORE   FLOAT 
8 )

初始数据如下图

1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:

 

这就是最常见的列转行,主要原理是利用SQL里面的union,具体的sql语句如下:
Sql代码: 

1 select user_name, 'CN_SCORE' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2  
2 union 
3 select user_name, 'MATH_SCORE' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2  
4 union 
5 select user_name, 'EN_SCORE' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2  
6 order by user_name,COURSE

也可以利用【insert all into ... select】来实现,首先需要先建一个表TEST_TB_GRADE3

Sql代码:  
1 create table TEST_TB_GRADE3   
2 (  
3       USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),   
4       COURSE    VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),   
5       SCORE     FLOAT   
6 )
   
 再执行下面的sql: 
  Sql代码:  
1 insert all 
2 into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '语文', CN_SCORE) 
3 into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '数学', MATH_SCORE) 
4 into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '英语', EN_SCORE) 
5 select user_name, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE from test_tb_grade2; 
6 commit;

 
 别忘记commit操作,然后再查询TEST_TB_GRADE3,发现表中的数据就是列转成行了。
 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/smallrock/p/3535419.html