基于saltstack自动化部署高可用kubernetes集群

SaltStack自动化部署HA-Kubernetes

本项目在GitHub上，会不定期更新，大家也可以提交ISSUE，地址为：https://github.com/skymyyang/salt-k8s-ha
SaltStack自动化部署Kubernetes v1.12.5版本（支持HA、TLS双向认证、RBAC授权、Flannel网络、ETCD集群、Kuber-Proxy使用LVS等）。
SaltStack自动化部署 Kubernetes v1.13.4 版本，请切换到 1.13-Release 分支.

版本明细：Release-v1.12.5

测试通过系统：Centos 7.6
salt-ssh：salt-ssh 2018.3.3 (Oxygen)
Kubernetes： v1.12.5
Etcd：v3.3.10
Docker：最新版本即可
Flannel：v0.10.0
CNI-Plugins：v0.7.0
建议部署节点：最少三个Master节点，请配置好主机名解析（必备）

架构介绍

使用Salt Grains进行角色定义，增加灵活性。
使用Salt Pillar进行配置项管理，保证安全性。
使用Salt SSH执行状态，不需要安装Agent，保证通用性。
使用Kubernetes当前稳定版本v1.12.5，保证稳定性。
使用HaProxy和keepalived来保证集群的高可用。

0.系统初始化(必备)

设置主机名！！！

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
linux-node1

[root@linux-node2 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
linux-node2

[root@linux-node3 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
linux-node3

[root@linux-node4 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
linux-node4

设置/etc/hosts保证主机名能够解析

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.150.141 linux-node1
192.168.150.142 linux-node2
192.168.150.143 linux-node3
192.168.150.144 linux-node4

关闭SELinux和防火墙以及NetworkManager

 systemctl disable --now firewalld NetworkManager
   setenforce 0
   sed -ri '/^[^#]*SELINUX=/s#=.+$#=disabled#' /etc/selinux/config

设置时间同步客户端

yum install chrony -y

cat <<EOF > /etc/chrony.conf
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst
stratumweight 0
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
rtcsync
makestep 10 3
bindcmdaddress 127.0.0.1
bindcmdaddress ::1
keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
commandkey 1
generatecommandkey
logchange 0.5
logdir /var/log/chrony
EOF

systemctl restart chronyd
systemctl enable --now chronyd

升级内核

#因为市面上包管理下内核版本过低，安装docker后无论centos还是ubuntu会有如下bug,4.15的内核依然存在

kernel:unregister_netdevice: waiting for lo to become free. Usage count = 1

#安装必要软件包

yum install wget git  jq psmisc vim perl -y

#升级内核需要使用 elrepo 的yum 源,首先我们导入 elrepo 的 key并安装 elrepo 源

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

#查看可用内核
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available  --showduplicates

#自选版本内核安装方法
export Kernel_Vsersion=4.18.16-1
wget  http://mirror.rc.usf.edu/compute_lock/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml{,-devel}-${Kernel_Vsersion}.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*

#查看这个内核里是否有这个内核模块
find /lib/modules -name '*nf_conntrack_ipv4*' -type f

#修改内核启动顺序,默认启动的顺序应该为1,升级以后内核是往前面插入,为0（如果每次启动时需要手动选择哪个内核,该步骤可以省略）
grub2-set-default  0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

#使用下面命令看看确认下是否启动默认内核指向上面安装的内核
grubby --default-kernel

#docker官方的内核检查脚本建议(RHEL7/CentOS7: User namespaces disabled; add 'user_namespace.enable=1' to boot command line),使用下面命令开启
grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"

#重新加载内核
reboot

设置IPVS模块所需加载的模块（所有机器）

$ :> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
$ module=(
  ip_vs
  ip_vs_lc
  ip_vs_wlc
  ip_vs_rr
  ip_vs_wrr
  ip_vs_lblc
  ip_vs_lblcr
  ip_vs_dh
  ip_vs_sh
  ip_vs_fo
  ip_vs_nq
  ip_vs_sed
  ip_vs_ftp
  )
$ for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do
    /sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done
$ systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

需要设定/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf的系统参数

$ cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
# https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/31208 
# ipvsadm -l --timout
# 修复ipvs模式下长连接timeout问题 小于900即可
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 10
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
EOF

$ sysctl --system

以上条件必须严格检查，否则，一定不会部署成功！

1.设置部署节点到其它所有节点的SSH免密码登录（包括本机）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id linux-node1
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id linux-node2
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id linux-node3
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id linux-node4
[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/hosts linux-node2:/etc/
[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/hosts linux-node3:/etc/
[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/hosts linux-node4:/etc/

2.安装Salt-SSH并克隆本项目代码。

2.1 安装Salt SSH（注意：老版本的Salt SSH不支持Roster定义Grains，需要2017.7.4以上版本）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/saltstack/yum/redhat/salt-repo-latest-2.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@linux-node1 ~]# sed -i "s/repo.saltstack.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/saltstack/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/salt-latest.repo
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y salt-ssh git unzip

2.2 获取本项目代码，并放置在 /srv 目录

[root@linux-node1 ~]# git clone https://github.com/skymyyang/salt-k8s-ha.git
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd salt-k8s-ha/
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mv * /srv/
[root@linux-node1 srv]# /bin/cp /srv/roster /etc/salt/roster
[root@linux-node1 srv]# /bin/cp /srv/master /etc/salt/master

2.3 下载二进制文件，也可以自行官方下载，为了方便国内用户访问，请在百度云盘下载,下载k8s-v1.12.5-auto.zip。下载完成后，将 files 目录移动到 /srv/salt/k8s/ 目录下，并解压 Kubernetes二进制文件下载地址： https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Ag2ocpVmkg-uEoV13A7HFw

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /srv/salt/k8s/
[root@linux-node1 k8s]# unzip k8s-v1.12.5-auto.zip
[root@linux-node1 k8s]# rm -f k8s-v1.12.5-auto.zip
[root@linux-node1 k8s]# ls -l files/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  94 Jan 18 19:19 cfssl-1.2
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 195 Jan 18 19:19 cni-plugins-amd64-v0.7.4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 123 Jan 18 19:19 etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  47 Jan 18 19:19 flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  17 Jan 18 19:19 k8s-v1.12.5

3.Salt SSH管理的机器以及角色分配

k8s-role: 用来设置K8S的角色
etcd-role: 用来设置etcd的角色，如果只需要部署一个etcd，只需要在一台机器上设置即可
etcd-name: 如果对一台机器设置了etcd-role就必须设置etcd-name

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
linux-node1:
  host: 192.168.150.141
  user: root
  priv: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
  minion_opts:
    grains:
      k8s-role: master
      etcd-role: node
      etcd-name: etcd-node1

linux-node2:
  host: 192.168.150.142
  user: root
  priv: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
  minion_opts:
    grains:
      k8s-role: master
      etcd-role: node
      etcd-name: etcd-node2

linux-node3:
  host: 192.168.150.143
  user: root
  priv: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
  minion_opts:
    grains:
      k8s-role: master
      etcd-role: node
      etcd-name: etcd-node3

linux-node4:
  host: 192.168.150.144
  user: root
  priv: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
  minion_opts:
    grains:
      k8s-role: node

4.修改对应的配置参数，本项目使用Salt Pillar保存配置

[root@k8s-m1 ~]# vim /srv/pillar/k8s.sls
#设置Master的IP地址(必须修改)
MASTER_IP_M1: "192.168.150.141"
MASTER_IP_M2: "192.168.150.142"
MASTER_IP_M3: "192.168.150.143"
#设置Master的HOSTNAME完整的FQDN名称(必须修改)
MASTER_H1: "linux-node1"
MASTER_H2: "linux-node2"
MASTER_H3: "linux-node3"

#设置ETCD集群访问地址（必须修改）
ETCD_ENDPOINTS: "https://192.168.150.141:2379,https://192.168.150.142:2379,https://192.168.150.143:2379"

FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX: "/kubernetes/network"

#设置ETCD集群初始化列表（必须修改）
ETCD_CLUSTER: "etcd-node1=https://192.168.150.141:2380,etcd-node2=https://192.168.150.142:2380,etcd-node3=https://192.168.150.143:2380"

#通过Grains FQDN自动获取本机IP地址，请注意保证主机名解析到本机IP地址
NODE_IP: {{ grains['fqdn_ip4'][0] }}
HOST_NAME: {{ grains['fqdn'] }}
#设置BOOTSTARP的TOKEN，可以自己生成
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN: "be8dad.da8a699a46edc482"
TOKEN_ID: "be8dad"
TOKEN_SECRET: "da8a699a46edc482"
ENCRYPTION_KEY: "8eVtmpUpYjMvH8wKZtKCwQPqYRqM14yvtXPLJdhu0gA="
#配置Service IP地址段
SERVICE_CIDR: "10.1.0.0/16"

#Kubernetes服务 IP (从 SERVICE_CIDR 中预分配)
CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP: "10.1.0.1"

#Kubernetes DNS 服务 IP (从 SERVICE_CIDR 中预分配)
CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP: "10.1.0.2"

#设置Node Port的端口范围
NODE_PORT_RANGE: "20000-40000"

#设置POD的IP地址段
POD_CIDR: "10.2.0.0/16"

#设置集群的DNS域名
CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN: "cluster.local."

#设置Docker Registry地址
#DOCKER_REGISTRY: "https://192.168.150.135:5000"

#设置Master的VIP地址(必须修改)
MASTER_VIP: "192.168.150.253"

#设置网卡名称
VIP_IF: "ens32"

5.执行SaltStack状态

测试Salt SSH联通性
```
[root@k8s-m1 ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping
```
执行高级状态，会根据定义的角色再对应的机器部署对应的服务

部署Etcd，由于Etcd是基础组建，需要先部署，目标为部署etcd的节点

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh -L 'linux-node1,linux-node2,linux-node3' state.sls k8s.etcd

部署K8S集群
```
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh '*' state.highstate
```
由于包比较大，根据电脑硬件配置，这里执行时间较长，5分钟+，喝杯咖啡休息一下，如果执行有失败可以再次执行即可！

6.测试Kubernetes安装

#先验证etcd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@linux-node1 ~]# etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.150.141:2379 
  --ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
  --cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem 
  --key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem cluster-health
[root@linux-node1 ~]# etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.150.141:2379 
  --ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
  --cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem 
  --key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem member list
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}  
[root@k8s-m1 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
linux-node1   Ready    master   14m   v1.12.5
linux-node2   Ready    master   24m   v1.12.5
linux-node3   Ready    master   24m   v1.12.5
linux-node4   Ready    node     30m   v1.12.5

7.测试Kubernetes集群和Flannel网络

[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:alpine
deployment.apps/nginx created
需要等待拉取镜像，可能稍有的慢，请等待。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-54458cd494-8fj47   1/1     Running   0          13s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP          NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-54458cd494-8fj47   1/1     Running   0          111s   10.2.70.3   linux-node1   <none>           <none>



测试联通性
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ping -c 1 10.2.70.3
PING 10.2.69.2 (10.2.69.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.2.69.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=2.02 ms

--- 10.2.69.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.028/2.028/2.028/0.000 ms

[root@linux-node1 ~]# curl --head http://10.2.70.3
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.15.8
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 09:52:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 31 Jan 2019 23:32:11 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5c53857b-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

测试扩容，将Nginx应用的Pod副本数量拓展到2个节点
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=2
deployment.extensions/nginx scaled

[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-54458cd494-8fj47   1/1     Running   0          5m4s
nginx-54458cd494-qzhpf   1/1     Running   0          17s

8.如何新增Kubernetes节点

设置SSH无密码登录，并且在 /etc/hosts 中继续增加对应的解析。确保所有节点都能解析
在 /etc/salt/roster 里面，增加对应的机器
执行SaltStack状态 salt-ssh '*' state.highstate

[root@linux-node5 ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
linux-node5:
  host: 192.168.150.145
  user: root
  priv: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
  minion_opts:
    grains:
      k8s-role: node
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh 'linux-node5' state.highstate