hdu 4625 Dice(概率DP)

Dice

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others) Total Submission(s): 180    Accepted Submission(s): 121 Special Judge

Problem Description
You have a dice with m faces, each face contains a distinct number. We assume when we tossing the dice, each face will occur randomly and uniformly.
Now you have T query to answer, each query has one of the following form: 0 m n: ask for the expected number of tosses until the last n times results are
all same. 1 m n: ask for the expected number of tosses until the last n consecutive results are pairwise different.
 
Input
The first line contains a number T.(1≤T≤100) The next T line each line contains a query as we mentioned above. (1≤m,n≤106) For second kind query,
we guarantee n≤m. And in order to avoid potential precision issue, we guarantee the result for our query will not exceeding 109 in this problem.
 
Output
For each query, output the corresponding result. The answer will be considered correct if the absolute or relative error doesn't exceed 10-6.
 
Sample Input
6
0 6 1
0 6 3
0 6 5
1 6 2
1 6 4
1 6 6
10
1 4534 25
1 1232 24
1 3213 15
1 4343 24
1 4343 9
1 65467 123
1 43434 100
1 34344 9
1 10001 15
1 1000000 2000
 
 
Sample Output
1.000000000
43.000000000
1555.000000000
2.200000000
7.600000000
83.200000000
25.586315824
26.015990037
15.176341160
24.541045769
9.027721917
127.908330426
103.975455253
9.003495515
15.056204472
4731.706620396
 
Source

题意:

输入 :op,m,n;

op=0:表示最后n次骰子的面都是一样的!!

op=1:表示最后n次骰子的面是互不相同的!!

对于op=0:对于i状态(即最后i次骰子的面都是一样的,比如是xx。。xx),然后接下来我可以有1/m的概率掷到x,即有1/m的概率可以转移到i+1这个状态

  同时,若我可以有1-1/m的概率掷到非x,比如序列变为(xx。。xxy),即有1-1/m的概率可以转移到i=1这个状态;

  所以状态转移为:dp[i]=1/m*dp[i+1]+(1-1/m)*dp[1]+1;  (__dp[n]=0__);

  然后就是n-1个方程递推下去求出dp[1]即可;

对于op=1:对于i状态(即最后i次骰子的面都是互不相同的,比如是xy。。ab),然后接下来我可以有1-i/m的概率掷到新的元素,比如序列变为(xy。。abc),

  即有1-i/m的概率可以转移到i+1这个状态

  同时,我各有可以有1/m的概率分别转移到(i,i-1,i-2,。。,1)这些状态,比如序列变为(xy。。abx,即转为i状态!!!),

  所以状态转移为:dp[i]=(1-i/m)*dp[i+1]+1/m*(dp[i]+dp[i-1]+..+dp[1])+1;  (__dp[n]=0__);

  然后就是n-1个方程递推下求解啦(这别要细心奥!!);

 1 #include<stdio.h>
 2 
 3 int m,n;
 4 void DP1()
 5 {
 6     int i;
 7     double ans,a,b;
 8      a=1.0*(m-1)/m;
 9      b=1.0;
10     for(i=1;i<=n-2;i++)
11     {
12         a=a*1.0/m+1.0*(m-1)/m;
13         b=b/m+1;
14     }
15     if(n==1)ans=1.0;
16     else ans=b/(1-a)+1;//b/(1-a)为dp[1]; 
17     printf("%.9f
",ans);    
18 }
19 
20 void DP2()
21 {
22     int i;
23     double ans=1.0,tmp=1.0;
24     for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)//找到递推关系求解!! 
25     {
26         tmp=tmp*m/(m-i);
27         ans+=tmp;    
28     }
29     printf("%.9f
",ans);
30 }
31 
32 
33 int main()
34 {
35     int T,i,op;
36     
37     while(~scanf("%d",&T))
38     {
39         while(T--)
40         {
41             scanf("%d%d%d",&op,&m,&n);
42             if(op==0)
43                 DP1();
44             else
45                 DP2();        
46         }
47         
48     }
49 }
View Code
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/skykill/p/3245580.html