[zabbix]zabbix分区表操作步骤

Q&A：

1.mul key：

1. 如果Key是空的, 那么该列值的可以重复, 表示该列没有索引, 或者是一个非唯一的复合索引的非前导列
2. 如果Key是PRI,  那么该列是主键的组成部分
3. 如果Key是UNI,  那么该列是一个唯一值索引的第一列(前导列),并别不能含有空值(NULL)
4. 如果Key是MUL,  那么该列的值可以重复, 该列是一个非唯一索引的前导列(第一列)或者是一个唯一性索引的组成部分但是可以含有空值NULL

2.mysql分区表概述：

参考：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/partitioning.html

分区表分为四种：
range分区：基于属于一个给定连续区间的列值，把多行分配给分区
list分区：类似于按RANGE分区，区别在于LIST分区是基于列值匹配一个离散值集合中的某个值来进行选择
hash分区：基于用户定义的表达式的返回值来进行选择的分区，该表达式使用将要插入到表中的这些行的列值进行计算
key分区：类似于按HASH分区，区别在于KEY分区只支持计算一列或多列
常用的是range和list分区

无论使用何种类型的分区，分区总是在创建时就自动的顺序编号，且从0开始记录，记住这一点非常重要。当有一新行插入到一个分区表中时，就是使用这些分区编号来识别正确的分区。

注1：
如果想在已经建好的表上进行分区，如果使用alter添加分区的话，mysql会提示错误：
ERROR 1505 <HY000> Partition management on a not partitioned table is not possible
正确的方法是新建一个具有分区的表，结构一致，然后用insert into 分区表 select * from 原始表;
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5f54f0be01015tag.html

预计过程：

1.停止mysql，/etc/init.d/mysql stop

2.记录下要修改的表的表结构，

3.删除表，

4.创建和之前表结构一致但带有分区表的数据表

5.创建procedure，修改crontab

问题，修改之后，一段时间之前的数据会被删除，但这些数据会不会被别的表引用；

测试过程：

http://zabbixzone.com/zabbix/partitioning-tables/

1.如果只做历史表的每日分割，删除如下表
history
history_uint
history_log
history_str
history_text

他们的创建语法是：
root@InnerServer1:/home/silence/zabbix-2.2.2/database/mysql# mysql -uroot -pfengmao -e 'show create table zabbix.historyG show create table zabbix.history_uintG show create table zabbix.history_logG show create table zabbix.history_strG show create table zabbix.history_textG '
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  KEY `history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_uint
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_uint` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  KEY `history_uint_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_log
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_log` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `timestamp` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `source` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `severity` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `logeventid` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `history_log_2` (`itemid`,`id`),
  KEY `history_log_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_str
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_str` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  KEY `history_str_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_text
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_text` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `history_text_2` (`itemid`,`id`),
  KEY `history_text_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

因为分区表使用的列必须为primary key，或者表没有主键，所以需要修改如下表：

ALTER TABLE `history_log` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);
ALTER TABLE `history_log` DROP KEY `history_log_2`;
ALTER TABLE `history_text` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);
ALTER TABLE `history_text` DROP KEY `history_text_2`;

创建之前删除的相应的表，并给他们加上分区，类似如下形式：

CREATE TABLE `history` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  KEY `history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
partition by range(clock) (
PARTITION p20140310 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2014-03-10 00:00:00"))
);

粘贴每日分区函数：

DELIMITER //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix`.`create_zabbix_partitions` //
CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix`.`create_zabbix_partitions` ()
BEGIN
CALL zabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history");
CALL zabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_log");
CALL zabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_str");
CALL zabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_text");
CALL zabbix.create_next_partitions("zabbix","history_uint");
CALL zabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history");
CALL zabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_log");
CALL zabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_str");
CALL zabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_text");
CALL zabbix.drop_old_partitions("zabbix","history_uint");
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix`.`create_next_partitions` //
CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix`.`create_next_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64))
BEGIN
DECLARE NEXTCLOCK timestamp;
DECLARE PARTITIONNAME varchar(16);
DECLARE CLOCK int;
SET @totaldays = 7;
SET @i = 1;
createloop: LOOP
SET NEXTCLOCK = DATE_ADD(NOW(),INTERVAL @i DAY);
SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT( NEXTCLOCK, 'p%Y%m%d' );
SET CLOCK = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD( NEXTCLOCK ,INTERVAL 1 DAY),'%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
CALL zabbix.create_partition( SCHEMANAME, TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME, CLOCK );
SET @i=@i+1;
IF @i > @totaldays THEN
LEAVE createloop;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix`.`drop_old_partitions` //
CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix`.`drop_old_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64))
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDCLOCK timestamp;
DECLARE PARTITIONNAME varchar(16);
DECLARE CLOCK int;
SET @mindays = 3;
SET @maxdays = @mindays+4;
SET @i = @maxdays;
droploop: LOOP
SET OLDCLOCK = DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL @i DAY);
SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT( OLDCLOCK, 'p%Y%m%d' );
CALL zabbix.drop_partition( SCHEMANAME, TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME );
SET @i=@i-1;
IF @i <= @mindays THEN
LEAVE droploop;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix`.`create_partition` //
CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix`.`create_partition` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
DECLARE RETROWS int;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM `information_schema`.`partitions`
WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND `table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` = PARTITIONNAME;
 
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
SELECT CONCAT( "create_partition(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `', SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',
' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END //
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix`.`drop_partition` //
CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix`.`drop_partition` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64))
BEGIN
DECLARE RETROWS int;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM `information_schema`.`partitions`
WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND `table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` = PARTITIONNAME;
 
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
SELECT CONCAT( "drop_partition(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ")" ) AS msg;
SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `', SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',
' DROP PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ';' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END //
DELIMITER ;

最终的形式：

root@InnerServer1:/app/zabbix/sbin# mysql -uroot -pfengmao -e 'show create table zabbix.historyG show create table zabbix.history_uintG show create table zabbix.history_logG show create table zabbix.history_strG show create table zabbix.history_textG '
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  KEY `history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (clock)
(PARTITION p20140310 VALUES LESS THAN (1394380800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140312 VALUES LESS THAN (1394640000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140313 VALUES LESS THAN (1394726400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140314 VALUES LESS THAN (1394812800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140315 VALUES LESS THAN (1394899200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140316 VALUES LESS THAN (1394985600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140317 VALUES LESS THAN (1395072000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140318 VALUES LESS THAN (1395158400) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_uint
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_uint` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  KEY `history_uint_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (clock)
(PARTITION p20140310 VALUES LESS THAN (1394380800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140312 VALUES LESS THAN (1394640000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140313 VALUES LESS THAN (1394726400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140314 VALUES LESS THAN (1394812800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140315 VALUES LESS THAN (1394899200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140316 VALUES LESS THAN (1394985600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140317 VALUES LESS THAN (1395072000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140318 VALUES LESS THAN (1395158400) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_log
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_log` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `timestamp` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `source` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `severity` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `logeventid` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`id`,`clock`),
  KEY `history_log_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (clock)
(PARTITION p20140310 VALUES LESS THAN (1394380800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140312 VALUES LESS THAN (1394640000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140313 VALUES LESS THAN (1394726400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140314 VALUES LESS THAN (1394812800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140315 VALUES LESS THAN (1394899200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140316 VALUES LESS THAN (1394985600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140317 VALUES LESS THAN (1395072000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140318 VALUES LESS THAN (1395158400) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_str
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_str` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  KEY `history_str_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (clock)
(PARTITION p20140310 VALUES LESS THAN (1394380800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140312 VALUES LESS THAN (1394640000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140313 VALUES LESS THAN (1394726400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140314 VALUES LESS THAN (1394812800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140315 VALUES LESS THAN (1394899200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140316 VALUES LESS THAN (1394985600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140317 VALUES LESS THAN (1395072000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140318 VALUES LESS THAN (1395158400) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: history_text
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `history_text` (
  `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `value` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`id`,`clock`),
  KEY `history_text_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (clock)
(PARTITION p20140310 VALUES LESS THAN (1394380800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140312 VALUES LESS THAN (1394640000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140313 VALUES LESS THAN (1394726400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140314 VALUES LESS THAN (1394812800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140315 VALUES LESS THAN (1394899200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140316 VALUES LESS THAN (1394985600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140317 VALUES LESS THAN (1395072000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20140318 VALUES LESS THAN (1395158400) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
root@InnerServer1:/app/zabbix/sbin#