架构师养成记--20.netty的tcp拆包粘包问题

问题描述

比如要发ABC DEFG HIJK 这一串数据，其中ABC是一个包，DEFG是一个包，HIJK是一个包。由于TCP是基于流发送的，所以有可能出现ABCD EFGH 这种情况，那么ABC和D就粘包了，DEFG被拆开了。

解决方案

1、消息定长，例如报文大小控制为200，如果不够就空位补全

2、在包结尾加特殊字符进行分割，如$_

3、消息分为消息头和消息体，在消息中包含消息长度等字段，然后进行消息逻辑处理。

分隔符方案

服务端

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

public class Server {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1 创建2个线程，一个是负责接收客户端的连接。一个是负责进行数据传输的
        EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        
        //2 创建服务器辅助类
        ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
        b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
         .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024)
         .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                //设置特殊分隔符
                ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_".getBytes());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, buf));
                //设置字符串形式的解码
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
            }
        });
        
        //4 绑定连接
        ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();
        
        //等待服务器监听端口关闭
        cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        
    }
    
}

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {


    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(" server channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String request = (String)msg;
        System.out.println("Server :" + msg);
        String response = "服务器响应：" + msg + "$_";
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable t) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }




}

客户端

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        
        Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
        b.group(group)
         .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
         .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                //
                ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_".getBytes());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, buf));
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
            }
        });
        
        ChannelFuture cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
        
        cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("bbbb$_".getBytes()));
        cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("cccc$_".getBytes()));
        
        
        //等待客户端端口关闭
        cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        group.shutdownGracefully();
        
    }
}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try {
            String response = (String)msg;
            System.out.println("Client: " + response);
        } finally {
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client channel active... ");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try {
            String response = (String)msg;
            System.out.println("Client: " + response);
        } finally {
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

}