原帖地址:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1608604?from=information.detail.linux%20fg%20bg%E5%85%A8%E7%A7%B0
su：Swith user 切换用户，切换到root用户 cat: Concatenate 串联 uname: Unix name 系统名称 df: Disk free 空余硬盘 du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率 chown: Change owner 改变所有者 chgrp: Change group 改变用户组 ps：Process Status 进程状态 tar：Tape archive 解压文件 chmod: Change mode 改变模式 umount: Unmount 卸载 ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依 insmod：Install module 安装模块 rmmod：Remove module 删除模块 lsmod：List module 列表模块 alias :Create your own name for a command bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell linux内核 grep:global regular expression print httpd :Start Apache ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts reboot: Restart your computer sudo:Superuser do /bin = BINaries /dev = DEVices /etc = ETCetera /lib = LIBrary /proc = PROCesses /sbin = Superuser BINaries /tmp = TeMPorary /usr = Unix Shared Resources /var = VARiable ? FIFO = First In, First Out GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader IFS = Internal Field Seperators LILO = LInux LOader MySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query Language PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor PS = Prompt String Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" Python Monty Python's Flying Circus Tcl = Tool Command Language Tk = ToolKit VT = Video Terminal YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool apache = "a patchy" server apt = Advanced Packaging Tool ar = archiver as = assembler bash = Bourne Again SHell bc = Basic (Better) Calculator bg = BackGround cal = CALendar cat = CATenate cd = Change Directory chgrp = CHange GRouP chmod = CHange MODe chown = CHange OWNer chsh = CHange SHell cmp = compare cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture comm = common cp = CoPy cpio = CoPy In and Out cpp = C Pre Processor cups = Common Unix Printing System cvs = Current Version System daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor dc = Desk Calculator dd = Disk Dump df = Disk Free diff = DIFFerence dmesg = diagnostic message du = Disk Usage ed = editor egrep = Extended GREP elf = Extensible Linking Format elm = ELectronic Mail emacs = Editor MACroS eval = EVALuate ex = EXtended exec = EXECute fd = file descriptors fg = ForeGround fgrep = Fixed GREP fmt = format fsck = File System ChecK fstab = FileSystem TABle fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager gawk = GNU AWK gpg = GNU Privacy Guard groff = GNU troff hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer joe = Joe's Own Editor ksh = Korn SHell lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder lex = LEXical analyser lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses ln = LiNk lpr = Line PRint ls = list lsof = LiSt Open Files m4 = Macro processor Version 4 man = MANual pages mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK mc = Midnight Commander mkfs = MaKe FileSystem mknod = MaKe NODe motd = Message of The Day mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa mtab = Mount TABle mv = MoVe nano = Nano's ANOther editor nawk = New AWK nl = Number of Lines nm = names nohup = No HangUP nroff = New ROFF od = Octal Dump passwd = PASSWorD pg = pager pico = PIne's message COmposition editor pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" ping = Packet InterNet Grouper pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability popd = POP Directory pr = pre printf = PRINT Formatted ps = Processes Status pty = pseudo tty pushd = PUSH Directory pwd = Print Working Directory rc = runcom = run command, shell rev = REVerse rm = ReMove rn = Read News roff = RunOFF rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager rsh, rlogin, = Remote rxvt = ouR XVT sed = Stream EDitor seq = SEQuence shar = SHell ARchive slrn = S-Lang rn ssh = Secure SHell ssl = Secure Sockets Layer stty = Set TTY su = Substitute User svn = SubVersioN tar = Tape ARchive tcsh = TENEX C shell telnet = TEminaL over Network termcap = terminal capability terminfo = terminal information tr = traslate troff = Typesetter new ROFF tsort = Topological SORT tty = TeleTypewriter twm = Tom's Window Manager tz = TimeZone udev = Userspace DEV ulimit = User's LIMIT umask = User's MASK uniq = UNIQue vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient vim = Vi IMproved wall = write all wc = Word Count wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator xargs = eXtended ARGuments xdm = X Display Manager xlfd = X Logical Font Description xmms = X Multimedia System xrdb = X Resources DataBase xwd = X Window Dump yacc = yet another compiler compiler File/Directory Basics ls List files cp Copy files mv Rename files rm Delete files ln Link files cd Change directory pwd Print current directory name mkdir Create directory rmdir Delete directory File Viewing cat View files less Page through files head View file beginning tail View file ending nl Number lines od View binary data xxd View binary data gv View Postscript/PDF files xdvi View TeX DVI files File Creation and Editing emacs Text editor vim Text editor umask Set default file protections soffice Edit Word/Excel/ PowerPoint docs abiword Edit Word documents gnumeric Edit Excel documents File Properties stat Display file attributes wc Count bytes/words/lines du Measure disk usage file Identify file types touch Change file timestamps chown Change file owner chgrp Change file group chmod Change file protections chattr Change advanced file attributes lsattr List advanced file attributes File Location find Locate files slocate Locate files via index which Locate commands whereis Locate standard files File Text Manipulation grep Search text for matching lines cut Extract columns paste Append columns tr Translate characters sort Sort lines uniq Locate identical lines tee Copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously File Compression gzip Compress files (GNU Zip) compress Compress files (Unix) bzip2 Compress files (BZip2) zip Compress files (Windows Zip) File Comparison diff Compare files line by line comm Compare sorted files cmp Compare files byte by byte md5sum Compute checksums Disks and Filesystems df Show free disk space mount Make a disk accessible fsck Check a disk for errors sync Flush disk caches Backups and Remote Storage mt Control a tape drive dump Back up a disk restore Restore a dump tar Read/write tape archives cdrecord Burn a CD rsync Mirror a set of files apt = Advanced Packaging Tool ar = archiver as = assembler awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母 bash = Bourne Again SHell bc = Basic (Better) Calculator bg = BackGround bin = BINaries（binary) cal = CALendar calendar cat = CATenate cd = Change Directory chgrp = CHange GRouP chmod = CHange MODe chown = CHange OWNer chsh = CHange SHell cmp = compare cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture comm = common cp = CoPy cpio = CoPy In and Out cpp = C Pre Processor cron = Chronos 希腊文时间 cups = Common Unix Printing System cvs = Current Version System daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor dc = Desk Calculator dd = Disk Dump df = Disk Free diff = DIFFerence dmesg = diagnostic message du = Disk Usage ed = editor egrep = Extended GREP elf = Extensible Linking Format elm = ELectronic Mail emacs = Editor MACroS eval = EVALuate ex = EXtended exec = EXECute/dev = devices fd = file descriptors fg = ForeGround fgrep = Fixed GREP Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell fmt = format fsck = File System ChecK fstab = FileSystem TABle FIFO = First In, First Out gawk = GNU AWK gpg = GNU Privacy Guard groff = GNU troff GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer IFS = Internal Field Seperators joe = Joe's Own Editor ksh = Korn SHell lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder lex = LEXical analyser lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses ln = LiNk lpr = Line PRint ls = list lsof = LiSt Open Files LILO = LInux LOader m4 = Macro processor Version 4 man = MANual pages mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK mc = Midnight Commander MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions mkfs = MaKe FileSystem mknod = MaKe NODe motd = Message of The Day mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa mtab = Mount TABle mv = MoVe nano = Nano's ANOther editor nawk = New AWK nl = Number of Lines nm = names nohup = No HangUP nroff = New ROFF od = Octal Dump passwd = PASSWorD pg = pager pico = PIne's message COmposition editor pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" ping = Packet InterNet Groper pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability popd = POP Directory pr = pre printf = PRINT Formatted ps = Processes Status pty = pseudo tty pushd = PUSH Directory pwd = Print Working Directory rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell rev = REVerse rm = ReMove rn = Read News roff = RunOFF rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote rxvt = ouR XVT sed = Stream EDitor seq = SEQuence shar = SHell ARchive slrn = S-Lang rn ssh = Secure SHell ssl = Secure Sockets Layer stty = Set TTY su = Substitute User 或 Switch User（前者较常见） sudo = superuser / substitue user do svn = SubVersioN tar = Tape ARchive tcsh = TENEX C shell tee = T (T形水管接口) telnet = TEminaL over Network termcap = terminal capability terminfo = terminal information tex = 希腊文art tr = traslate troff = Typesetter new ROFF tsort = Topological SORT tty = TeleTypewriter twm = Tom's Window Manager tz = TimeZone udev = Userspace DEV ulimit = User's LIMIT umask = User's MASK uniq = UNIQue vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient vim = Vi IMproved wall = write all wc = Word Count wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator xargs = eXtended ARGuments xdm = X Display Manager xlfd = X Logical Font Description xmms = X Multimedia System xrdb = X Resources DataBase xwd = X Window Dump yacc = yet another compiler compiler YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool 附部分目录的全称： /dev = devices /etc = ETCetera etcetera /lib = LIBrary /proc = PROCesses /sbin = Superuser BINaries /tmp = TeMPorary /usr = Unix Shared Resources /var = VARiable man: Manual 意思是手册，可以用这个命令查询其他命令的用法。 pwd：Print working directory 意思是密码。 su：Swith user 切换用户，切换到root用户 cd：Change directory 切换目录 ls：List files 列出目录下的文件 ps：Process Status 进程状态 mkdir：Make directory 建立目录 rmdir：Remove directory 移动目录 mkfs: Make file system 建立文件系统 fsck：File system check 文件系统检查 cat: Concatenate 串联 uname: Unix name 系统名称 df: Disk free 空余硬盘 du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率 lsmod: List modules 列表模块 mv: Move file 移动文件 rm: Remove file 删除文件 cp: Copy file 复制文件 ln: Link files 链接文件 fg: Foreground 前景 bg: Background 背景 chown: Change owner 改变所有者 chgrp: Change group 改变用户组 chmod: Change mode 改变模式 umount: Unmount 卸载 dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”，所以命名为“dd” tar：Tape archive 解压文件 ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依 insmod：Install module 安装模块 rmmod：Remove module 删除模块 lsmod：List module 列表模块