nginx配置文件中的配置释义

nginx配置文件结构

先上一张全局的nginx配置文件结构图，毕竟，一图胜千言。

0bIMw3

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  2;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
		# 默认使用epoll
    use epoll
    # 每个worker允许连接的客户端最大连接数
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

nginx核心配置文件中配置含义解析

设置worker进程的用户，指当然操作系统linux中的用户，会涉及到nginx操作目录或者文件的一些权限，默认为nobody,可根据需要自定义为Linux系统下其他用户。如配置为root用户。
```
user  root;
```
worker进程工作数设置，一般来说CPU有几个，就可以设置为几个，或者n-1个。
```
worker_processes 1;
```
nginx 日志级别 debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg，错误级别从左到右越来越大。
```
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
```
设置nginx进程pid
```
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
```

设置工作模式

events {
		# 默认使用epoll
    use epoll
    # 每个worker允许连接的客户端最大连接数
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http是指令块，针对于http网络传输的一些指令配置
```
http{

}
```
include引入外部配置，提高可读性，避免因为单个配置文件过大
```
 include       mime.types;
```

设置日志格式，main为定义的格式名称，如此access_log就可以直接使用这个变量了

参数名	参数含义
$remote_addr	客户端ip
$remote_user	远程客户端用户名，一般为:'-'
$time_local	时间和时区
$request	请求的url以及method
$status	响应状态码
$body_bytes_send	响应客户端内容字节数
$http_referer	记录用户从哪个链接跳转过来的
$http_user_agent	用户所使用的代理，一般来说都是浏览器
$http_x_forwarded_for	通过代理服务器来记录客户端的ip

sendfile使用高效文件传输，提升传输性能。启用后才能使用tcp_nopush，是指当数据表积累一定大小后才发送，提升了传输效率
```
sendfile     on;
tcp_nopush   on;
```
keepalive_timeout设置客户端与服务端请求的超时时间，保证客户端多次请求的时候不会重复建立新的连接，避免资源损耗。
```
keepalive_timeout  0;
keepalive_timeout  65;
```
gzip启用压缩,html/js/css压缩后传输会更快。
```
gzip  on;
```

server可以在http指定块中设置多个虚拟主机

listen监听端口
server_name location、ip、域名
location请求路由映射,匹配拦截
root请求位置
index 首页设置

 #server {
    #    listen       80;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}