很多学习WCF的例子，感觉受益匪浅，但是由于每个人学习的侧重点不同，一些很详细的细节例如每一个属性都是用来干什么的，建立不同的项目类型对创建的服务有什么区别等等，都不得而知。终于，在MSDN上发现了一篇入门教程。讲解的十分基本，十分详细，想进到每一个细节，然我彻底了解入门的每一个细节，整个教程结构清晰，代码简洁，讲解细致，值得推荐。
地址： http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms734712.aspx
做这分5部来讲解创建一个最基本的基于B/S构架的WCF应用。服务是根据输入的两个数字，返回这两个数字的加减乘除运算结果。
第一步：定义WCF服务契约（创建项目，加入引用，定义Interface）
第二部：引入WCF服务契约（添加具体服务函数）
第三部：构架WCF服务，运行WCF服务（添加Uri,定义服务对象地址，运行服务）
第四部：利用工具访问服务，自动生成WCF服务代理的代码文件
第五部：配置一个简单的WCF客户端（用客户端引入服务代理，通过服务代理来访问服务）
第六部：运行程序
How to: Define a Windows Communication Foundation Service Contract
How to: Implement a Windows Communication Foundation Service Contract
How to: Host and Run a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Service
How to: Create a Windows Communication Foundation Client
How to: Configure a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Client
How to: Use a Windows Communication Foundation Client
先建立一个解决方案。
在这个解决方案下面建立一个叫做Server的控制台应用项目，再建立一个叫做Client的控制台应用项目。
分别给每一个项目添加引用到System.ServiceModel
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using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
// Define a service contract.
[ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract]
double Add(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}
// Service class that implements the service contract.
// Added code to write output to the console window.
public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
public double Add(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 + n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Add({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 - n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Subtract({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 * n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Multiply({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 / n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Divide({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Step 1 of the address configuration procedure: Create a URI to serve as the base address.
Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service");
// Step 1 of the hosting procedure: Create ServiceHost
ServiceHost selfHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress);
try
{
// Step 3 of the hosting procedure: Add a service endpoint.
selfHost.AddServiceEndpoint(
typeof(ICalculator),
new WSHttpBinding(),
"CalculatorService");
// Step 4 of the hosting procedure: Enable metadata exchange.
ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
selfHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);
// Step 5 of the hosting procedure: Start (and then stop) the service.
selfHost.Open();
Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.ReadLine();
// Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
selfHost.Close();
}
catch (CommunicationException ce)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred: {0}", ce.Message);
selfHost.Abort();
}
}
}
}
using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
// Define a service contract.
[ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract]
double Add(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
[OperationContract]
double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}
// Service class that implements the service contract.
// Added code to write output to the console window.
public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
public double Add(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 + n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Add({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 - n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Subtract({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 * n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Multiply({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
{
double result = n1 / n2;
Console.WriteLine("Received Divide({0},{1})", n1, n2);
Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
return result;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Step 1 of the address configuration procedure: Create a URI to serve as the base address.
Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service");
// Step 1 of the hosting procedure: Create ServiceHost
ServiceHost selfHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress);
try
{
// Step 3 of the hosting procedure: Add a service endpoint.
selfHost.AddServiceEndpoint(
typeof(ICalculator),
new WSHttpBinding(),
"CalculatorService");
// Step 4 of the hosting procedure: Enable metadata exchange.
ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
selfHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);
// Step 5 of the hosting procedure: Start (and then stop) the service.
selfHost.Open();
Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.ReadLine();
// Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
selfHost.Close();
}
catch (CommunicationException ce)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred: {0}", ce.Message);
selfHost.Abort();
}
}
}
}
服务端创建好了以后，就可以试运行了。
这时候可以用微软提供的命令行工具访问这个服务，生成服务代理 app.config 和 generatedProxy.cs两个文件。
PATH=C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.5
DataSvcUtil.exe /language:csharp /out:generatedProxy.cs /config:app.config http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service
注意：实在server运行的时候，生成包装类。
当然，如果是已经运行的服务，可以使用VS引用就行了。
把这两个文件添加到客户端项目里去。
现在就可以编辑客户端代码了。
1 view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
2 using System;
3 using System.Collections.Generic;
4 using System.Text;
5 using System.ServiceModel;
6
7 namespace ServiceModelSamples
8 {
9
10 class Client
11 {
12 static void Main()
13 {
14 //Step 1: Create an endpoint address and an instance of the WCF Client.
15 EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service/CalculatorService");
16 CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient(new WSHttpBinding(), epAddress);
17
18
19 // Step 2: Call the service operations.
20 // Call the Add service operation.
21 double value1 = 100.00D;
22 double value2 = 15.99D;
23 double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
24 Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
25
26 // Call the Subtract service operation.
27 value1 = 145.00D;
28 value2 = 76.54D;
29 result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
30 Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
31
32 // Call the Multiply service operation.
33 value1 = 9.00D;
34 value2 = 81.25D;
35 result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
36 Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
37
38 // Call the Divide service operation.
39 value1 = 22.00D;
40 value2 = 7.00D;
41 result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
42 Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
43
44 //Step 3: Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
45 client.Close();
46
47 Console.WriteLine();
48 Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
49 Console.ReadLine();
50
51
52 }
53 }
54 }
55 using System;
56 using System.Collections.Generic;
57 using System.Text;
58 using System.ServiceModel;
59
60 namespace ServiceModelSamples
61 {
62
63 class Client
64 {
65 static void Main()
66 {
67 //Step 1: Create an endpoint address and an instance of the WCF Client.
68 EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service/CalculatorService");
69 CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient(new WSHttpBinding(), epAddress);
70
71
72 // Step 2: Call the service operations.
73 // Call the Add service operation.
74 double value1 = 100.00D;
75 double value2 = 15.99D;
76 double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
77 Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
78
79 // Call the Subtract service operation.
80 value1 = 145.00D;
81 value2 = 76.54D;
82 result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
83 Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
84
85 // Call the Multiply service operation.
86 value1 = 9.00D;
87 value2 = 81.25D;
88 result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
89 Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
90
91 // Call the Divide service operation.
92 value1 = 22.00D;
93 value2 = 7.00D;
94 result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
95 Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
96
97 //Step 3: Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
98 client.Close();
99
100 Console.WriteLine();
101 Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
102 Console.ReadLine();
103
104
105 }
106 }
107 }
每一个细节都包含在上面的这两个Program.cs文件中了，你大概看一下就会懂。比院子里大多数教材说得都清晰，特别适合像我一样爱刨根问底的初学者。:)
最后编译程序，试运行。（两个都是命令行程序，直接到那个编译好的目录里去找那个exe文件运行，先运行服务，再运行客户端）。