Python 列表解析

1. 简单列表解析

假设我们需要创建一个列表为:[0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,  0](size=10)

显然这样写0很费劲。所以有一种叫做列表解析的东西可以快速生成:

>>> [0 for i in range(10)]
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
# 还可以按序生成
>>> [i for i in range(10)]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

2. 带条件列表解析

假设我们需要创建一个列表:[0,2,0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 8, 0,  10] (size=10, 奇数为0,偶数不变)

>>> [i+1 if i%2 == 1 else 0 for i in range(10)]
[0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 8, 0, 10]

note: 当条件子句在for前时必须带上else,此时else表示不符合if条件时列表元素的取值;当条件子句在for后时不能带上else。不然会报错!

>>> [i+1 if i%2 == 1 for i in range(10)]
  File "<input>", line 1
    [i+1 if i%2 == 1 for i in range(10)]  # if在前面时,必须有else
                       ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> [i+1 for i in range(10) if i%2 == 1 else 0]  
  File "<input>", line 1
    [i+1 for i in range(10) if i%2 == 1 else 0]  # if在后面时,不能有else
                                           ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

3. 多重循环的列表解析

假设我们需要根据创建一个列表:[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)](可以看成(1, 2) 和 (1, 2, 3)的全排列)

>>> [(i, j) for i in [1, 2] for j in [1, 2, 3]]
[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)]  # perfect!

矩阵降维或者表量化:

>>> matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> array = [i for row in matrix for i in row]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

notes: 注意两个 for 的先后顺序:高维在前!

4.字典解析

假设我们想把列表:[(1, 201), (2, 202), (3, 205)],变成字典 {1: 201, 2: 201, 3: 205}

>>> {k: v for k, v in [(1, 201), (2, 201), (3, 205)]}
{1: 201, 2: 201, 3: 205}  # perfect!

任何大神都是从小白当起! 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sheepcore/p/12369877.html