【java多线程】线程的状态示意

一、java线程的状态

 public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }

1. 初始(NEW)：新创建了一个线程对象，但还没有调用start()方法。
2. 运行(RUNNABLE)：Java线程中将就绪（ready）和运行中（running）两种状态笼统的称为“运行”。
线程对象创建后，其他线程(比如main线程）调用了该对象的start()方法。该状态的线程位于可运行线程池中，等待被线程调度选中，获取CPU的使用权，此时处于就绪状态（ready）。就绪状态的线程在获得CPU时间片后变为运行中状态（running）。
3. 阻塞(BLOCKED)：表示线程阻塞于锁。
4. 等待(WAITING)：进入该状态的线程需要等待其他线程做出一些特定动作（通知或中断）。
5. 超时等待(TIMED_WAITING)：该状态不同于WAITING，它可以在指定的时间后自行返回。
6. 终止(TERMINATED)：表示该线程已经执行完毕。

 

二、java线程的状态转换

三、线程锁的两个队列（等待队列和同步队列）含义解释

四、几个方法的比较

1. Thread.sleep(long millis)，一定是当前线程调用此方法，当前线程进入TIMED_WAITING状态，但不释放对象锁，millis后线程自动苏醒进入就绪状态。作用：给其它线程执行机会的最佳方式。
2. Thread.yield()，一定是当前线程调用此方法，当前线程放弃获取的CPU时间片，但不释放锁资源，由运行状态变为就绪状态，让OS再次选择线程。作用：让相同优先级的线程轮流执行，但并不保证一定会轮流执行。实际中无法保证yield()达到让步目的，因为让步的线程还有可能被线程调度程序再次选中。Thread.yield()不会导致阻塞。该方法与sleep()类似，只是不能由用户指定暂停多长时间。
3. thread.join()/thread.join(long millis)，当前线程里调用其它线程t的join方法，当前线程进入WAITING/TIMED_WAITING状态，当前线程不会释放已经持有的对象锁。线程t执行完毕或者millis时间到，当前线程一般情况下进入RUNNABLE状态，也有可能进入BLOCKED状态（因为join是基于wait实现的）。
4. obj.wait()，当前线程调用对象的wait()方法，当前线程释放对象锁，进入等待队列。依靠notify()/notifyAll()唤醒或者wait(long timeout) timeout时间到自动唤醒。
5. obj.notify()唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的单个线程，选择是任意性的。notifyAll()唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的所有线程。
6. LockSupport.park()/LockSupport.parkNanos(long nanos),LockSupport.parkUntil(long deadlines), 当前线程进入WAITING/TIMED_WAITING状态。对比wait方法,不需要获得锁就可以让线程进入WAITING/TIMED_WAITING状态，需要通过LockSupport.unpark(Thread thread)唤醒。