【leetcode】535. Encode and Decode TinyURL

原题

TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl and it returns a short URL such as http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk.

Design the encode and decode methods for the TinyURL service. There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.

解析

TinyURL编码/解码

我的解法

Medium难度的题。。也是只有思路没有实现。。
我一开始的思路是有问题的,还尝试找出一种算法可以让长链和短链一一对应,但这种算法不存在,除非短链不限长度,但这样就失去了意义
一般的短链都是域名+6位长度的随机码组成,试想所有大小写+数字一共62个,那最多也只有62^6个短链,所以根本不能满足无限多的长链
查了一些资料,网上的解法大致分三种:

算法一(超复杂。。觉得没必要)
将长链进行md5加盐编码,所得32位;
8个一组(共4组),按16进制与0x3fffffff(30个1)与,即取后30位,忽略其他位;
30位分成6段,每段5位的数字作为字符表62个字符(大小写+0-9)的索引取得共6个字符;
md5一共4个8位共取4个6位字符,随便取一个即可作为短链。

算法二(有缺陷,长度不受控制,且会出现一个长链对多个短链)
直接用递增返回id作为短链,短链可以有无限多个

算法三(leetcode上面的最优解,觉得不复杂也比较可行)

最优解

public class TinyURL {
    //用于存储长链接-短链接映射
    private static Map<String, String> longShort = new HashMap();
    //用于存储短链接-长链接映射
    private static Map<String, String> shortLong = new HashMap();
    private static String HOST = "www.tinyUrl.com/";

    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
    public static String encode(String longUrl) {
        //如果映射中存在key则直接返回
        if (longShort.containsKey(longUrl)) {
            return HOST + longShort.get(longUrl);
        }
        //构造短链
        String shortUrl;
        String chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
        //碰撞直到没有重复
        do {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                int n = (int) (Math.random() * chars.length());
                sb.append(chars.charAt(n));
            }
            shortUrl = sb.toString();
        } while (shortLong.containsKey(shortUrl));

        //存储并返回
        shortLong.put(shortUrl, longUrl);
        longShort.put(longUrl, shortUrl);
        return HOST + shortUrl;
    }

    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
    public static String decode(String shortUrl) {
        return shortLong.get(shortUrl.replace(HOST, ""));
    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shanelau/p/7128746.html