Python一切皆对象

一、含义

　　python中一切皆为对象，且python3中类与类型（常见数据类型如列表字典等）是一个概念，类型就是类。

二、实例　

#！/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

print(type([1,23,4])) #  <class 'list'>
print(list)

class School_student:
    job = 'student'
    def study(self):
        print('studying hard')
    def relax(self):
        print('realxing happy')
print(School_student) # <class '__main__.School_student'>
# 由此可见，列表等数据类型也是类，是特征和技能的结合

li = [1,2,3] # 定义列表(实例化)
li2 = []
li2.append(0) # li.append()和li2.append()调用同样的方法，但绑定的对象不同，是不同的绑定方法
li.append(4) # 添加元素 [1, 2, 3, 4]，append相当于list类的内置方法
list.append(li,5) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # 与li.append(4)作用相同
print(li)

　　再比如：

#类型dict就是类dict
>>> list
<class 'list'>

#实例化的到3个对象l1,l2,l3
>>> l1=list()
>>> l2=list()
>>> l3=list()

#三个对象都有绑定方法append,是相同的功能,但内存地址不同
>>> l1.append
<built-in method append of list object at 0x10b482b48>
>>> l2.append
<built-in method append of list object at 0x10b482b88>
>>> l3.append
<built-in method append of list object at 0x10b482bc8>

#操作绑定方法l1.append(3),就是在往l1添加3,绝对不会将3添加到l2或l3

>>> l1.append(3) # [3]

#调用类list.append(l3,111)等同于l3.append(111)
>>> list.append(l3,111) #等同于l3.append(111) [111]

三、面向对象练习

　　1、编写一个类，批量生产对象，并统计产生对象的次数

#！/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class Students:
    country = 'China'       # 数据属性为共有的
    school = 'helloworld'
    count = 0
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,major): # 函数属性，是给对象用的
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
        self.major = major
        Students.count += 1  # __init__方法每次被触发就表示产生了一个对象，计数器则自加一次，更改其数据属性
    def study(self):
        print('study everyday')
    def relax(self):
        print('relaxing')
stu1 = Students('婷子',19,'女','Comic')
print(stu1.count) # 1
stu2 = Students('星爷',36,'男','Direct')
print(stu2.count) # 2
stu3 = Students('琉星',21,'男','Detective')
print(Students.count) # 3
print(stu1.count) # 3
print(Students.__dict__)
print(stu1.__dict__) # {'name': '婷子', 'age': 19, 'sex': '女', 'major': 'Comic'}
print(stu2.__dict__)

　　2、 模仿LOL编写两个英雄类，英雄有昵称、攻击力、生命值等属性；实例化出两个英雄对象；

　　　　英雄之间要有打斗，被打的一方会掉血，血量小于0判定死亡。　

#！/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class Gaylen:
    camp = 'Desmarcia'
    def __init__(self,nickname,aggressivity,life_valid):
        self.nickname = nickname
        self.aggressivity = aggressivity
        self.life_valid = life_valid
    def attack(self,target):
        target.life_valid -= self.aggressivity
        if target.life_valid <= 0:
            print('%s is died'%target.nickname)

class Hand_of_Knoxus:
    camp = 'Desmarcia'
    def __init__(self,nickname,aggressivity,life_valid):
        self.nickname = nickname
        self.aggressivity = aggressivity
        self.life_valid = life_valid
    def attack(self,target):
        target.life_valid -= self.aggressivity
        if target.life_valid <= 0:
            print('%s is died'%target.nickname)

herol = Gaylen('大盖伦',60,300)
hero2 = Hand_of_Knoxus('诺手',70,280)
herol.attack(hero2)
hero2.attack(herol)
hero2.attack(herol)
hero2.attack(herol)
hero2.attack(herol)
hero2.attack(herol)
print(herol.life_valid)
print(hero2.life_valid)