C#之网络


 

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1网络

  在网络环境下,我们最感兴趣的两个名称空间是System.Net和System.Net.Sockets.  System.Net名称空间通常与交高价的操作有关,例如 上传和下载 使用Http和其他协议进行Web请求等,而System.Net.Sockets名 称空间包含的类通常与较低层的操作有关.如果要直接使用套接字或 TCP/P之 类 的协议,这 个名 称空间 中 的类就非 常有用 .

2WebClient类

  如 果只想从特定的URl请求文件,则可以使用的最简单的.Net类是System.Net.WebClient

2.1下载文件

DEMO:

 1  WebClient client = new WebClient();
 2             Stream stream = client.OpenRead("http://www.baidu.com");
 3             StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream);
 4             string line = null;
 5             while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
 6             {
 7                 Console.WriteLine(line);
 8             }
 9             reader.Close();
10             stream.Close();
11             Console.ReadLine();

2.2文件上传

  WebClient类还提供了UploadFile()和UploadData()方法。尽管这个类使用起来比较方便,但是它的功能非常有限,特别是不能使用它提供身份验证。

3WebRequest类和WebResponse类

  WebRequet类代表要给某个特定的URL发送信息的请求,URL作为参数传递给Create()方法。WebResponse类代表从服务器检索数据,调用WebRequest.GetResponse()方法,实际上是把请求发给Web服务器,并创建一个Response对象,以检查返回数据。

 1  WebRequest wrq = WebRequest.Create("http://www.ithome.com/");
 2             WebResponse wrs = wrq.GetResponse();
 3             Stream stream = wrs.GetResponseStream();
 4             StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream);
 5             string line;
 6             while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
 7             {
 8                 Console.WriteLine(line);
 9             }
10             stream.Close();
11             Console.ReadLine();

3.1身份验证

WebRequest类中的另一个属性是Credentials属性。如果需要身份验证证书附带在请求中,就可以用用户名和密码创建NetworkCredential类的一个实例,在调用GetResponse()方法之前。

1   NetworkCredential nc = new NetworkCredential("username","password");
2             wrq.Credentials = nc;

3.2使用代理

许多公司都需要使用代理服务器进行所有类型的Http或FTP请 求。 代理服务器常常使用 某种形式的安全性(通 常是用户名和密码),路 由公司 的所有请求和响应 。 对于使用 WebClient对象或WebRequest对象的应用程序,需 要考虑这些代理服务器,同上,在调用之前需要使用WebProxy对象

1 WebProxy wp = new WebProxy("192.168.1.100",true);
2             wp.Credentials= new NetworkCredential("username", "password");     
3             WebRequest wrq = WebRequest.Create("http://www.ithome.com/");
4             wrq.Proxy = wp;
5             WebResponse wrs = wrq.GetResponse();
如果除了证书之外,还需要设计用户的域,就应在NetworkCredential实例上使用另外一个签名
1  WebProxy wp = new WebProxy("192.168.1.100",true);
2             wp.Credentials= new NetworkCredential("username", "password","domain");     
3             WebRequest wrq = WebRequest.Create("http://www.ithome.com/");
4             wrq.Proxy = wp;
5             WebResponse wrs = wrq.GetResponse();

4把输出的结果显示为HTML页面

1  Process myproess = new Process();
2             myproess.StartInfo.FileName = "iexplore.exe";
3             myproess.StartInfo.Arguments = "http://www.ithome.com/";
4             myproess.Start();

上面的代码会把IE作为单独的窗口打开,而应用程序并没有与新窗口相连,因此不能控制浏览器。

4.1从应用程序进行简单的web浏览

如果想在应用程序打开网页就可以使用WebBrowser控件。

5实用工具类

5.1URL

Url和 UrlBulider是System (注意:不是 system.Net)名称空间 中的两个类 ,它们都用 于表示 URI。UriBuilder类允许把给定的字符串当作URL的组成部分,从而构建一个URL。

 Uri url = new Uri("http://www.ithome.com");

5.2 IP地址和DNS名称

   用于IP地址的.NET类IPAdress类和IPHostEntry

6较底层的协议

  • Socket 这个底层的类用于管理连接,WebRequest ,TcpClient等类在内部使用这个类
  • NetworkStream 这个类从Stream派生的,它表示来自网络的数据流。
  • SmtpClient 允许通过SMTP发送消息(邮件)
  • TcpClient 允许创建和使用TCP连接
  • TcpListener 允许侦听引入的TCP连接请求
  • UdpClient 用于为UDP客户创建(UDP是TCP的一种替代协议,但它主要用于本地网络)

6.1使用SmtpClient

SmtpClient 对象可以通过SMTP传送邮件消息,

  MailMessage myMail = new MailMessage();                //发送端到接收端的邮箱地址  
            myMail = new MailMessage("发送人@163.com", "收件人@qq.com");
            myMail.Subject = "1";
            //建立发送对象client,验证邮件服务器,服务器端口,用户名,以及密码  
            SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("123.125.50.133", 25);
            client.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("用户名", "密码");
            client.Send(myMail);

但是有一个问题,这个方法再发送多余10条邮件的时候会报错,下面附上可发多条的方法

  1 public void SendEmail()
  2         {
  3 
  4             //smtp.163.com
  5             string senderServerIp = "123.125.50.133";
  6             //smtp.gmail.com
  7             //string senderServerIp = "74.125.127.109";
  8             //smtp.qq.com
  9             //string senderServerIp = "58.251.149.147";
 10             //string senderServerIp = "smtp.sina.com";
 11             string toMailAddress = "";//收件邮箱
 12             string fromMailAddress = "";
 13             string subjectInfo = "123";//邮件标题
 14             string bodyInfo = "";//邮件内容
 15             string mailUsername = "";//发送邮箱的用户名(不带@qq.com)
 16             string mailPassword = ""; //发送邮箱的密码()
 17             string mailPort = "25";
 18             //  string attachPath = "E:\123123.txt; E:\haha.pdf";
 19 
 20             MyEmail email = new MyEmail(senderServerIp, toMailAddress, fromMailAddress, subjectInfo, bodyInfo, mailUsername, mailPassword, mailPort, false, false);
 21             //  email.AddAttachments(attachPath);
 22             email.Send();
 23             MessageBox.Show("OK!");
 24 
 25         }
 26 
 27     }
 28 
 29     public class MyEmail
 30     {
 31         private MailMessage mMailMessage;   //主要处理发送邮件的内容(如:收发人地址、标题、主体、图片等等)
 32         private SmtpClient mSmtpClient; //主要处理用smtp方式发送此邮件的配置信息(如:邮件服务器、发送端口号、验证方式等等)
 33         private int mSenderPort;   //发送邮件所用的端口号(htmp协议默认为25)
 34         private string mSenderServerHost;    //发件箱的邮件服务器地址(IP形式或字符串形式均可)
 35         private string mSenderPassword;    //发件箱的密码
 36         private string mSenderUsername;   //发件箱的用户名(即@符号前面的字符串,例如:hello@163.com,用户名为:hello)
 37         private bool mEnableSsl;    //是否对邮件内容进行socket层加密传输
 38         private bool mEnablePwdAuthentication;  //是否对发件人邮箱进行密码验证
 39 
 40         ///<param name="server">发件箱的邮件服务器地址</param>
 41         ///<param name="toMail">收件人地址(可以是多个收件人,程序中是以“;"进行区分的)</param>
 42         ///<param name="fromMail">发件人地址</param>
 43         ///<param name="subject">邮件标题</param>
 44         ///<param name="emailBody">邮件内容(可以以html格式进行设计)</param>
 45         ///<param name="username">发件箱的用户名(即@符号前面的字符串,例如:hello@163.com,用户名为:hello)</param>
 46         ///<param name="password">发件人邮箱密码</param>
 47         ///<param name="port">发送邮件所用的端口号(htmp协议默认为25)</param>
 48         ///<param name="sslEnable">true表示对邮件内容进行socket层加密传输,false表示不加密</param>
 49         ///<param name="pwdCheckEnable">true表示对发件人邮箱进行密码验证,false表示不对发件人邮箱进行密码验证</param>
 50         public MyEmail(string server, string toMail, string fromMail, string subject, string emailBody, string username, string password, string port, bool sslEnable, bool pwdCheckEnable)
 51         {
 52             try
 53             {
 54                 mMailMessage = new MailMessage();
 55                 mMailMessage.To.Add(toMail);
 56                 mMailMessage.From = new MailAddress(fromMail);
 57                 mMailMessage.Subject = subject;
 58                 mMailMessage.Body = emailBody;
 59                 mMailMessage.IsBodyHtml = true;
 60                 mMailMessage.BodyEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
 61                 mMailMessage.Priority = MailPriority.Normal;
 62                 this.mSenderServerHost = server;
 63                 this.mSenderUsername = username;
 64                 this.mSenderPassword = password;
 65                 this.mSenderPort = Convert.ToInt32(port);
 66                 this.mEnableSsl = sslEnable;
 67                 this.mEnablePwdAuthentication = pwdCheckEnable;
 68             }
 69             catch (Exception ex)
 70             {
 71                 Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
 72             }
 73         }
 74 
 75         ///<summary>
 76         /// 添加附件
 77         ///</summary>
 78         ///<param name="attachmentsPath">附件的路径集合,以分号分隔</param>
 79         public void AddAttachments(string attachmentsPath)
 80         {
 81             try
 82             {
 83                 string[] path = attachmentsPath.Split(';'); //以什么符号分隔可以自定义
 84                 Attachment data;
 85                 ContentDisposition disposition;
 86                 for (int i = 0; i < path.Length; i++)
 87                 {
 88                     data = new Attachment(path[i], MediaTypeNames.Application.Octet);
 89                     disposition = data.ContentDisposition;
 90                     disposition.CreationDate = File.GetCreationTime(path[i]);
 91                     disposition.ModificationDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(path[i]);
 92                     disposition.ReadDate = File.GetLastAccessTime(path[i]);
 93                     mMailMessage.Attachments.Add(data);
 94                 }
 95             }
 96             catch (Exception ex)
 97             {
 98                 Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
 99             }
100         }
101 
102         ///<summary>
103         /// 邮件的发送
104         ///</summary>
105         public void Send()
106         {
107             try
108             {
109                 if (mMailMessage != null)
110                 {
111                     mSmtpClient = new SmtpClient();
112                     mSmtpClient.Host = this.mSenderServerHost;
113                     mSmtpClient.Port = this.mSenderPort;
114                     mSmtpClient.UseDefaultCredentials = false;
115                     mSmtpClient.EnableSsl = this.mEnableSsl;
116                     if (this.mEnablePwdAuthentication)
117                     {
118                         System.Net.NetworkCredential nc = new System.Net.NetworkCredential(this.mSenderUsername, this.mSenderPassword);
119                         mSmtpClient.Credentials = nc.GetCredential(mSmtpClient.Host, mSmtpClient.Port, "NTLM");
120                     }
121                     else
122                     {
123                         mSmtpClient.Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential(this.mSenderUsername, this.mSenderPassword);
124                     }
125                     mSmtpClient.DeliveryMethod = System.Net.Mail.SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network;
126                     mSmtpClient.Send(mMailMessage);
127                 }
128             }
129             catch (Exception ex)
130             {
131                 Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
132             }
133         }
134     }
SendEmail
6.2使用TCP类  

传输控制协议(TCP)类为连接和发送两个端点之间的数据提供了简单的方法。端点是IP地址和端口号的组合。TcpClient类封装了TCP连接,提供了许多属性来控制连接,包括缓冲,缓冲区的大小和超时,通过GetStream()方法请求NetworkStream对象是可以附带读写功能。
  TcpListener类用start()方法侦听引入的TCP连接,当连接请求到达时,可使用AcceptSocket()方法返回一个套接字,以与远程的计算机通信,或使用AcceptTcpClient()方法通过高层的TcpClient对象进行通讯。

6.3TCP和UDP

UDP是一个几乎没有什么功能的简单协议 ,且几乎没有什么系统开销。 开发人员常常在速度和性能要求比可靠性更高的应用程序中使用 UDP,例如,视频流。 相反,TCP提 供了许多功能来确保数据的传输,它还提供 了错误校正,和 当数据丢失或数据包损坏时重新传输它们 的功能。 最后,TCP可 缓存传入和传出的数据,还保证在传输过程中,在把数据包传送给应用程序之前,重 组杂乱的一系列数据包。 即使有一些额外的开销,TCP仍是在 internet 上使用最广泛的协议,因 为它有非常高的可靠性 。

6.4UDP类 

1   UdpClient udpclient = new UdpClient();
2             string sendMsg = "Hello";
3             byte[] sendBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendMsg);
4             udpclient.Send(sendBytes,sendBytes.Length,"SomEchoServer.net",7);
5             IPEndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(0,0);
6             byte[] rcvBytes = udpclient.Receive(ref endPoint);
7             string rcvmessage = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rcvBytes,0,rcvBytes.Length);

 6.5TcpSend和TcpReceive示例

TcpSend端代码:
 1  TcpClient tcpClient = new TcpClient(主机,端口号);
 2              NetworkStream ns = tcpClient.GetStream();
 3              FileStream fs = File.Open("Form1.cs",FileMode.Open);
 4 
 5            int data = fs.ReadByte();
 6 
 7             while (data != -1)
 8            {
 9                ns.WriteByte((byte)data);
10                  data = fs.ReadByte();
11             }
12              fs.Close();
13             ns.Close();
14              tcpClient.Close();
TcpReceive端:
 
 1  Thread theard = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Listen)); //winfrom程序,只有一个textBox为txtDisplay
 2             theard.Start();//为避免界面假死,放到线程中
 3  
 4  
 5   public void Listen()
 6          {
 7              IPAddress localAddr = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");//本机
 8             int port = 2112;//端口号要与tcpSend端一致
 9             TcpListener tcpListenter = new TcpListener(localAddr, port);
10              tcpListenter.Start();
11  
12              TcpClient tcpClient = tcpListenter.AcceptTcpClient();
13              NetworkStream ns = tcpClient.GetStream();
14              StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ns);
15              string result = sr.ReadToEnd();
16              Invoke(new UpdateDisplayDelegate(UpdateDisplay), new object[] { result });
17              tcpClient.Close();
18            tcpListenter.Stop();
19          }
20  
21          public void UpdateDisplay(string text)
22         {
23             txtDisplay.Text = text;
24         }
25      }
26      public delegate void UpdateDisplayDelegate(string text);

6.5 Socket类

  Socket类提供了网络编程中最高级的控制。
  构建服务器控制台应用程序:
 1 Console.WriteLine("Stating:Creating Socket object");
 2             Socket listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
 3             listener.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,2112));
 4             listener.Listen(10);
 5 
 6             while (true)
 7             {
 8                 Console.WriteLine("Wait for content");
 9                 Socket socket = listener.Accept();
10                 string receiveMsg = string.Empty;
11                 while (true)
12                 {
13                     byte[] bytes= new byte[1024];
14                     int numBytes = socket.Receive(bytes);
15                     Console.WriteLine("Receiveving...");
16                     receiveMsg += Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, numBytes);
17                     if (receiveMsg.IndexOf("[FINAL]") > -1)
18                     {
19                         break;
20                     }
21                 }
22                 Console.WriteLine("Receivevalue:{0}",receiveMsg);
23                 string replyValue = "Message successfully received";
24                 byte[] replyByte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(replyValue);
25                 socket.Send(replyByte);
26                 socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
27                 socket.Close();
28             }
29             listener.Close();
30         }
View Code
客户端代码:
 1   byte[] receivedBytes = new byte[1024];
 2             IPHostEntry ipHost = Dns.Resolve("127.0.0.1");
 3             IPAddress ipAddress = ipHost.AddressList[0];
 4             IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress,2112);
 5             Console.WriteLine("Starting : Creating Socket object");
 6             Socket sender = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
 7             sender.Connect(ipEndPoint);
 8 
 9             Console.WriteLine("Successfully contendted to {0}",sender.RemoteEndPoint);
10 
11             string sendingMessage = "Hello";
12             Console.WriteLine("Creating message:Hello World");
13             byte[] forwardMessage = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendingMessage+"[FINAL]");
14             sender.Send(forwardMessage);
15             int totalBytesReceived = sender.Receive(receivedBytes);
16             Console.WriteLine("Message provided from server :{0}",Encoding.ASCII.GetString(receivedBytes,0,totalBytesReceived));
17             sender.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
18             sender.Close();
19             Console.ReadKey();
View Code
6.6Websocket
Websocket协议用于完全双工的通信,一般在浏览器和服务器之间通信
 1 <!doctype html>
 2 <head>
 3     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> 
 4     <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.7.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 5     <title>WroxChat</title>
 6     <script type="text/javascript">
 7         $(document).ready(function () {
 8             var name = prompt('what is your name?:');
 9             var url = 'ws://localhost/ws.ashx?name=' + name;
10             ws = new WebSocket(url);
11             ws.onopen = function () {
12                 $('#messages').prepend('Connected <br/>');
13                 $('#cmdSend').click(function () {
14                     ws.send($('#txtMessage').val());
15                     $('#txtMessage').val('');
16                 });
17             };
18             ws.onmessage = function (e) {
19                 $('#chatMessages').prepend(e.data + '<br/>');
20             };
21             $('#cmdLeave').click(function () {
22                 ws.close();
23             });
24             ws.onclose = function () {
25                 $('#chatMessages').prepend('Closed <br/>');
26             };
27             ws.onerror = function (e) {
28                 $('#chatMessages').prepend('Oops something went wront <br/>');
29             };
30         });
31     </script>
32 </head>
33 <body>
34 <input id="txtMessage" />
35 <input id="cmdSend" type="button" value="Send" />
36 <input id="cmdLeave" type="button" value="Leave" />
37 <br />
38 <div id="chatMessages" />
39 </body>
客户端

 1  public class ws : IHttpHandler
 2     {
 3 
 4         public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
 5         {
 6             if (context.IsWebSocketRequest)
 7             {
 8                 var chatuser = new ChatUser();
 9                 chatuser.UserName = context.Request.QueryString["name"];
10                 ChatApp.AddUser(chatuser);
11                 context.AcceptWebSocketRequest(chatuser.HandleWebSocket);
12                
13             }
14 
15         }
16 
17         public bool IsReusable
18         {
19             get
20             {
21                 return false;
22             }
23         }
24     }
25 public class ChatApp
26     {
27         static IList<ChatUser> _users = new List<ChatUser>();
28 
29         public static void AddUser(ChatUser chatUser)
30         {
31             _users.Add(chatUser);
32             foreach(var user in _users)
33             {
34                 user.SendMessage(chatUser.UserName + " joined the chat!");
35             }
36         }
37 
38         public static void BroadcastMessage(string message)
39         {
40             foreach (var user in _users)
41             {
42                 user.SendMessage(message);
43             }
44         }
45     }
46 public class ChatUser
47     {
48         WebSocketContext _context;
49         public string UserName { get; set; }
50 
51         public async Task HandleWebSocket(WebSocketContext wsContext)
52         {   
53             _context = wsContext;
54             const int maxMessageSize = 1024;
55             byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[maxMessageSize];
56             WebSocket socket = _context.WebSocket;
57 
58             while (socket.State == WebSocketState.Open)
59             {
60                 WebSocketReceiveResult receiveResult = await socket.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(receiveBuffer), CancellationToken.None);
61 
62                 if (receiveResult.MessageType == WebSocketMessageType.Close)
63                 {
64                     await socket.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.NormalClosure, string.Empty, CancellationToken.None);
65                 }
66                 else if (receiveResult.MessageType == WebSocketMessageType.Binary)
67                 {
68                     await socket.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.InvalidMessageType, "Cannot accept binary frame", CancellationToken.None);
69                 }
70                 else
71                 {
72                     var receivedString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receiveBuffer, 0, receiveResult.Count);
73                     var echoString = string.Concat(UserName, " said: ", receivedString);
74                     ArraySegment<byte> outputBuffer = new ArraySegment<byte>(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(echoString));
75 
76                     ChatApp.BroadcastMessage(echoString);
77                 }
78             }
79         }
80         public async Task SendMessage(string message)
81         {
82             if (_context != null && _context.WebSocket.State == WebSocketState.Open)
83             {
84                 var outputBuffer = new ArraySegment<byte>(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
85                 await _context.WebSocket.SendAsync(outputBuffer, WebSocketMessageType.Text, true, CancellationToken.None);
86             }
87         }
88 
89     }
服务端 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/saodiseng2015/p/5058713.html