运行级别

1.运行级别一共分为7个

  1.1 查看7个运行级别配置文件

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/
init.d  rc  rc0.d  rc1.d  rc2.d  rc3.d  rc4.d  rc5.d  rc6.d  rc.local  rc.sysinit

  1.2.0 运行级别0.文件中 K 开头的代表不能运行,S开头代表可以运行,我们可以看到,只能运行关机命令

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/
K01dnsmasq         K05saslauthd  K30sendmail    K74haldaemon   K87mcstrans        K89netplugd   K95kudzu
K01smartd          K10cups       K44rawdevices  K74nscd        K87multipathd      K89pand       K99cpuspeed
K02avahi-daemon    K10psacct     K50ibmasm      K75netfs       K87portmap         K89rdisc      K99lvm2-monitor
K02avahi-dnsconfd  K10tcsd       K50netconsole  K85mdmonitor   K87restorecond     K90bluetooth  K99microcode_ctl
K02NetworkManager  K10xfs        K60crond       K85mdmpd       K88auditd          K90network    K99readahead_early
K02oddjobd         K15gpm        K69rpcsvcgssd  K85messagebus  K88pcscd           K91capi       K99readahead_later
K03yum-updatesd    K15httpd      K72autofs      K85rpcgssd     K88syslog          K91isdn       S00killall
K05anacron         K20nfs        K73ypbind      K85rpcidmapd   K88wpa_supplicant  K92ip6tables  S01halt
K05atd             K24irda       K74acpid       K86nfslock     K89dund            K92iptables
K05conman          K25sshd       K74apmd        K87irqbalance  K89hidd            K95firstboot

  1.2.1 运行级别1. 单用户工作状态,拥有root权限,用于系统维护,禁止远程登录。

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/
K01dnsmasq         K05saslauthd  K30sendmail    K74haldaemon   K87mcstrans        K89netplugd   K95kudzu
K01smartd          K10cups       K44rawdevices  K74nscd        K87multipathd      K89pand       K99microcode_ctl
K02avahi-daemon    K10psacct     K50ibmasm      K75netfs       K87portmap         K89rdisc      K99readahead_early
K02avahi-dnsconfd  K10tcsd       K50netconsole  K85mdmonitor   K87restorecond     K90bluetooth  K99readahead_later
K02NetworkManager  K10xfs        K60crond       K85mdmpd       K88auditd          K90network    S02lvm2-monitor
K02oddjobd         K15gpm        K69rpcsvcgssd  K85messagebus  K88pcscd           K91capi       S13cpuspeed
K03yum-updatesd    K15httpd      K72autofs      K85rpcgssd     K88syslog          K91isdn       S99single
K05anacron         K20nfs        K73ypbind      K85rpcidmapd   K88wpa_supplicant  K92ip6tables
K05atd             K24irda       K74acpid       K86nfslock     K89dund            K92iptables
K05conman          K25sshd       K74apmd        K87irqbalance  K89hidd            K95firstboot

  1.2.2 运行级别2.多用户状态,没有(NFS)

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/
K01dnsmasq         K15httpd       K74nscd            K89dund             S04readahead_early  S13irqbalance  S85gpm
K02avahi-daemon    K20nfs         K75netfs           K89netplugd         S08ip6tables        S15mdmonitor   S90crond
K02avahi-dnsconfd  K24irda        K85mdmpd           K89pand             S08iptables         S25bluetooth   S90xfs
K02NetworkManager  K44rawdevices  K85messagebus      K89rdisc            S08mcstrans         S25pcscd       S95anacron
K02oddjobd         K50ibmasm      K85rpcgssd         K91capi             S09isdn             S26acpid       S97yum-updatesd
K05atd             K50netconsole  K85rpcidmapd       K95firstboot        S10network          S26apmd        S99local
K05conman          K69rpcsvcgssd  K86nfslock         K95kudzu            S11auditd           S26hidd        S99smartd
K05saslauthd       K72autofs      K87multipathd      K99readahead_later  S12restorecond      S55sshd
K10psacct          K73ypbind      K87portmap         S00microcode_ctl    S12syslog           S56cups
K10tcsd            K74haldaemon   K88wpa_supplicant  S02lvm2-monitor     S13cpuspeed         S80sendmail

  1.2.3 运行级别3.完全的多用户状态,登录以后进入控制台命令模式。这个时候也可以使用图形化,命令 startx 开启图形化桌面,但是级别还是3

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/
K01dnsmasq         K24irda            K89netplugd         S08iptables     S14nfslock     S26haldaemon   S95anacron
K02avahi-dnsconfd  K50ibmasm          K89pand             S08mcstrans     S15mdmonitor   S26hidd        S95atd
K02NetworkManager  K50netconsole      K89rdisc            S09isdn         S18rpcidmapd   S28autofs      S97yum-updatesd
K02oddjobd         K69rpcsvcgssd      K91capi             S10network      S19rpcgssd     S55sshd        S98avahi-daemon
K05conman          K73ypbind          K99readahead_later  S11auditd       S22messagebus  S56cups        S99firstboot
K05saslauthd       K74nscd            S00microcode_ctl    S12restorecond  S25bluetooth   S56rawdevices  S99local
K10psacct          K85mdmpd           S02lvm2-monitor     S12syslog       S25netfs       S80sendmail    S99smartd
K10tcsd            K87multipathd      S04readahead_early  S13cpuspeed     S25pcscd       S85gpm
K15httpd           K88wpa_supplicant  S05kudzu            S13irqbalance   S26acpid       S90crond
K20nfs             K89dund            S08ip6tables        S13portmap      S26apmd        S90xfs

  1.2.4 运行级别4.系统保留,未使用

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/
K01dnsmasq         K24irda            K89netplugd         S08ip6tables    S13portmap     S26apmd        S90xfs
K02avahi-dnsconfd  K50ibmasm          K89pand             S08iptables     S14nfslock     S26haldaemon   S95anacron
K02NetworkManager  K50netconsole      K89rdisc            S08mcstrans     S15mdmonitor   S26hidd        S95atd
K02oddjobd         K69rpcsvcgssd      K91capi             S09isdn         S18rpcidmapd   S28autofs      S97yum-updatesd
K05conman          K73ypbind          K95firstboot        S10network      S19rpcgssd     S55sshd        S98avahi-daemon
K05saslauthd       K74nscd            K99readahead_later  S11auditd       S22messagebus  S56cups        S99local
K10psacct          K85mdmpd           S00microcode_ctl    S12restorecond  S25bluetooth   S56rawdevices  S99smartd
K10tcsd            K87multipathd      S02lvm2-monitor     S12syslog       S25netfs       S80sendmail
K15httpd           K88wpa_supplicant  S04readahead_early  S13cpuspeed     S25pcscd       S85gpm
K20nfs             K89dund            S05kudzu            S13irqbalance   S26acpid       S90crond

  1.2.5 运行级别5.X11登录台,登录后进入图形GUI模式

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/
K01dnsmasq         K24irda            K89netplugd         S08mcstrans     S15mdmonitor   S26hidd        S95atd
K02avahi-dnsconfd  K50ibmasm          K89pand             S09isdn         S18rpcidmapd   S28autofs      S96readahead_later
K02NetworkManager  K50netconsole      K89rdisc            S10network      S19rpcgssd     S55sshd        S97yum-updatesd
K02oddjobd         K69rpcsvcgssd      K91capi             S11auditd       S22messagebus  S56cups        S98avahi-daemon
K05conman          K73ypbind          S00microcode_ctl    S12restorecond  S25bluetooth   S56rawdevices  S99firstboot
K05saslauthd       K74nscd            S02lvm2-monitor     S12syslog       S25netfs       S80sendmail    S99local
K10psacct          K85mdmpd           S04readahead_early  S13cpuspeed     S25pcscd       S85gpm         S99smartd
K10tcsd            K87multipathd      S05kudzu            S13irqbalance   S26acpid       S90crond
K15httpd           K88wpa_supplicant  S08ip6tables        S13portmap      S26apmd        S90xfs
K20nfs             K89dund            S08iptables         S14nfslock      S26haldaemon   S95anacron

  1.2.6 运行级别6.正常关闭并重启

[root@test6 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/
K01dnsmasq         K05saslauthd  K30sendmail    K74haldaemon   K87mcstrans        K89netplugd   K95kudzu
K01smartd          K10cups       K44rawdevices  K74nscd        K87multipathd      K89pand       K99cpuspeed
K02avahi-daemon    K10psacct     K50ibmasm      K75netfs       K87portmap         K89rdisc      K99lvm2-monitor
K02avahi-dnsconfd  K10tcsd       K50netconsole  K85mdmonitor   K87restorecond     K90bluetooth  K99microcode_ctl
K02NetworkManager  K10xfs        K60crond       K85mdmpd       K88auditd          K90network    K99readahead_early
K02oddjobd         K15gpm        K69rpcsvcgssd  K85messagebus  K88pcscd           K91capi       K99readahead_later
K03yum-updatesd    K15httpd      K72autofs      K85rpcgssd     K88syslog          K91isdn       S00killall
K05anacron         K20nfs        K73ypbind      K85rpcidmapd   K88wpa_supplicant  K92ip6tables  S01reboot
K05atd             K24irda       K74acpid       K86nfslock     K89dund            K92iptables
K05conman          K25sshd       K74apmd        K87irqbalance  K89hidd            K95firstboot

  1.3 runlevel 查看当前运行级别

[root@test6 ~]# runlevel 
N 3    //前面的参数N是我之前运行级别,后边的3是我当前的运行级别

  1.4 init 5 切换当前运行级别

  1.5 不管在哪个级别运行,都是有7个控制台,f1-f7,f7是有桌面的控制台,f1-f6是命令行方式。当我们运行在级别3的时候,使用命令startx可以打开桌面方式。但当我们运行在5级别,用alt+f2,或者任意一个命令控制台时,运行startx发现报错,因为这个时候,桌面控制台已经运行在f7了。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sangmu/p/6658357.html