Android多线程编程<二>Handler异步消息处理机制之Message

 
Message(消息):
 
    一. Message的字段:
   在Android中,Message作为线程之间(主要是子线程和UI主线程之间)数据交换的载体,通过Handler去传递。它包含几个常用的字段:
    1.arg1和arg2两个int类型的字段:主要在线程之间需要传递简单的int类型的数据时使用。
    2.what字段:int类型,主要用于标识一个Message。当在子线程中定义一个Message时,通常指定what的值为一个int常量,该Message传递到主线程时,我们通过what的值识别该Message。
    3.obj字段:是一个任意类型的对象,线程之间要交换的数据,主要是通过该字段来存储。
 
    二. 获得Massage对象
 
    1. 通过构造函数获得Message对象,Message有一个构造函数:
 1 public Message(){}; 
    通过该构造函数可以获得Massage对象,但是官方主要推荐通过Message.obtain()和Handler.obtainMessage()来获得Message对象,Message.obtain()有多个重载方法。使用Message的构造函数来创建Message对象需要重新分配一块新的内容,而通过Message.obtain()和Handler.obtainMessage()方法主要从全局消息槽中使用被回收的对象来创建Message,这样节省了一定的内存。
 
    例子:在子线程中通过Message构造函数创建Message对象,并通过Handler传递到主线程中。
 1 package zst.message01;
 2 import android.os.Bundle;
 3 import android.os.Handler;
 4 import android.os.Message;
 5 import android.app.Activity;
 6 import android.view.Menu;
 7 import android.view.View;
 8 import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
 9 import android.widget.Button;
10 public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
11     private Button button01;
12     
13     public static final int ONE = 1;
14     
15     
16     //在主线程中创建的Handler对象,通常定义成static
17     public static  Handler handler = new Handler(){
18         @Override
19         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
20             switch (msg.what) {
21             case ONE:
22                 System.out.println("第一个Message-->" + "arg1=" + msg.arg1 + ",arg2=" + msg.arg2 + ",obj=" + msg.obj);
23                 break;
24             default:
25                 break;
26             }
27         }
28         
29             
30     };
31     
32     
33     @Override
34     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
35         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
36         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
37         button01 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button01);
38         button01.setOnClickListener(this);
39     }
40     
41     @Override
42     public void onClick(View v) {
43         if(v.getId() == R.id.button01){
44             //启动一个子线程
45             new Thread(new Runnable() {
46                 
47                 @Override
48                 public void run() {
49                     //获得Message对象的第一种方法:使用构造函数创建Message,这种方法不推荐使用
50                     Message message = new Message();
51                     message.arg1 = 100;
52                     message.arg2 = 200;
53                     message.what = ONE;   //用于标识Message
54                     message.obj = "Message_01";
55                     //发送Message到主线程中
56                     handler.sendMessage(message);
57                     
58                 }
59                 
60             }).start();
61             
62         }
63         
64         
65     }
66 }
     
  输出:
 
 
  2. 通过 public static Message obtain() 方法获得Message对象
1                     //获得Message对象的第二种方法
2                     Message message = Message.obtain();
3                     message.arg1 = 100;
4                     message.arg2 = 200;
5                     message.what = TWO;   //用于标识Message
6                     message.obj = "Message_02";
7                     handler.sendMessage(message);

   public static Message obtain()方法的源码如下:

 1 // sometimes we store linked lists of these things
 2     /*package*/ Message next;
 3     private static final Object sPoolSync = new Object();
 4     private static Message sPool;
 5     private static int sPoolSize = 0;
 6     private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;
 7     /**
 8      * Return a new Message instance from the global pool. Allows us to
 9      * avoid allocating new objects in many cases.
10      */
11     public static Message obtain() {
12         synchronized (sPoolSync) {
13             if (sPool != null) {
14                 Message m = sPool;
15                 sPool = m.next;
16                 m.next = null;
17                 sPoolSize--;
18                 return m;
19             }
20         }
21         return new Message();
22     }

   该方法将从全局消息槽中获得一个Message对象,从而避免再分配一块新的内存来创建Message对象。从上面可以看出,当全局消息槽中当前sPool不为null,则把sPool指向的Message对象赋给一个Message的临时引用,然后sPool再指向槽中的下一个Message,最后把临时引用m指向的Message对象返回给我们,这样全局消息槽中的Message可以得到重复使用,从而节省了一定的内存。如果sPool为null时,即消息槽为空,没有Message,这时才调用Message的构造函数来创建一个Message对象给我们。

 
    3. 通过 public static Message obtain(Handler h) 方法获得Message对象
1              //获得Message对象的第三种方法:
2                     Message message = Message.obtain(handler);
3                     message.arg1 = 100;
4                     message.arg2 = 200;
5                     message.what = THREE;   //用于标识Message
6                     message.obj = "Message_03";    
7                     //发送Message
8                     message.sendToTarget();

  public static Message obtain(Handler h)方法的源码如下:

 1  /**
 2      * Same as {@link #obtain()}, but sets the value for the <em>target</em> member on the Message returned.
 3      * @param h  Handler to assign to the returned Message object's <em>target</em> member.
 4      * @return A Message object from the global pool.
 5      */
 6     public static Message obtain(Handler h) {
 7         Message m = obtain();
 8         m.target = h;
 9         return m;
10     }

  从上面源码中可以看出:该方法内部还是通过public static Message obtain()方法从全局消息槽中返回一个Message对象给我们,然后把传入的Handler对象参数当成发送和接收该Message对象的目标Handler对象。由于该方法内部已经指定了处理Message对象的目标Handler对象,所以在发送Message消息时,不会再调用Handler对象的sendMessage(message)方法,而是直接使用Message对象的sendToTarget()方法发送。

 
    4. 通过public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what)方法获得
1               //获得Message对象的第四种方法:
2                     Message message = Message.obtain(handler, FOUR);
3                     message.arg1 = 100;
4                     message.arg2 = 200;
5                     message.obj = "Message_04";    
6                     message.sendToTarget();

  public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what)方法的源码如下:

 1 /**
 2      * Same as {@link #obtain()}, but sets the values for both <em>target</em> and
 3      * <em>what</em> members on the Message.
 4      * @param h  Value to assign to the <em>target</em> member.
 5      * @param what  Value to assign to the <em>what</em> member.
 6      * @return A Message object from the global pool.
 7      */
 8     public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what) {
 9         Message m = obtain();
10         m.target = h;
11         m.what = what;
12         return m;
13     }
     从上面的源码可以看出:该方法的源码和public static Message obtain(Handler h)方法的源码类似,都是先通过public static Message obtain()方法从全局消息槽中获得Message对象,再指定目标Handler对象,同时也指定Message的what字段值。
   
  还有其他三个obtain()的重载方法也是这样,不同点是在创建Message对象时,同时指定Message的不同字段值。如下:
     public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, Object obj)方法源码:
 1 /**
 2      * Same as {@link #obtain()}, but sets the values of the <em>target</em>, <em>what</em>, and <em>obj</em>
 3      * members.
 4      * @param h  The <em>target</em> value to set.
 5      * @param what  The <em>what</em> value to set.
 6      * @param obj  The <em>object</em> method to set.
 7      * @return  A Message object from the global pool.
 8      */
 9     public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, Object obj) {
10         Message m = obtain();
11         m.target = h;
12         m.what = what;
13         m.obj = obj;
14         return m;
15     }

  public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj)方法源码:

 1 /**
 2      * Same as {@link #obtain()}, but sets the values of the <em>target</em>, <em>what</em>, 
 3      * <em>arg1</em>, <em>arg2</em>, and <em>obj</em> members.
 4      * 
 5      * @param h  The <em>target</em> value to set.
 6      * @param what  The <em>what</em> value to set.
 7      * @param arg1  The <em>arg1</em> value to set.
 8      * @param arg2  The <em>arg2</em> value to set.
 9      * @param obj  The <em>obj</em> value to set.
10      * @return  A Message object from the global pool.
11      */
12     public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, 
13             int arg1, int arg2, Object obj) {
14         Message m = obtain();
15         m.target = h;
16         m.what = what;
17         m.arg1 = arg1;
18         m.arg2 = arg2;
19         m.obj = obj;
20         return m;
21     }

  public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, int arg1, int arg2)方法源码:

 1  /**
 2      * Same as {@link #obtain()}, but sets the values of the <em>target</em>, <em>what</em>, 
 3      * <em>arg1</em>, and <em>arg2</em> members.
 4      * 
 5      * @param h  The <em>target</em> value to set.
 6      * @param what  The <em>what</em> value to set.
 7      * @param arg1  The <em>arg1</em> value to set.
 8      * @param arg2  The <em>arg2</em> value to set.
 9      * @return  A Message object from the global pool.
10      */
11     public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, int arg1, int arg2) {
12         Message m = obtain();
13         m.target = h;
14         m.what = what;
15         m.arg1 = arg1;
16         m.arg2 = arg2;
17         return m;
18     }
   
 三. Message还可以携带Bundle对象
    添加Bundle对象
1                  Message message = Message.obtain(handler, EIGHT, 100, 200);
2                     message.obj = "Message_08";
3                     Bundle b = new Bundle();
4                     b.putString("name", "张三");
5                     message.setData(b);
6                     message.sendToTarget();
    取出Bundle对象
 1 String name = msg.getData().getString("name") 
 
 
例子源码:D:AndroidworkspaceThreadAndAsyncMessage01
 
 
 



原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sanfeng4476/p/6093593.html